Abstract: An aircraft includes a gas turbine engine and an optically-based measurement system. The gas turbine engine is configured to ingest a first mass flow and to exhaust a second mass flow. The optically-based measurement system is configured to determine the first and second mass flows in response to performing an imaging process on the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: An aircraft includes a gas turbine engine and an optically-based measurement system. The gas turbine engine is configured to ingest a first mass flow and to exhaust a second mass flow. The optically-based measurement system is configured to determine the first and second mass flows in response to performing an imaging process on the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: Several practical refinements, extensions, additions, and improvements to the manufactured three-dimensional continuous convex-concave fairing with attached vortex generators are provided. The piecewise continuously varying slope and curvature fairings provide manufacturing cost reductions, as well as cost reductions by reducing the frequency and complexity of monitoring practices for bridges and elimination of temporary fixes that require costly annual or periodic engineering studies and construction to mitigate scour on at-risk bridges. The probability of bridge failure and its associated liability to the public is totally avoided since the root cause of local scour is prevented.

Abstract: Discussed are several practical cost-effective refinements, extensions, additions, and improvements to the manufactured three-dimensional convex-concave fairing with attached vortex generators that was disclosed by Simpson et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 8,348,553). Extensions are disclosed for bridge piers and abutments at larger angles of attack of up to 45°, for piers and abutments downstream of a bend in a river where there is large-scale swirling approach flow, and for piers in close proximity to an adjacent pier of abutment.

Abstract: Disclosed are several practical refinements, extensions, additions, and improvements to the manufactured three-dimensional continuous convex-concave fairing with attached vortex generators. The piecewise continuously varying slope and curvature fairings provide manufacturing cost reductions, as well as cost reductions by reducing the frequency and complexity of monitoring practices for bridges and elimination of temporary fixes that require costly annual or periodic engineering studies and construction to mitigate scour on at-risk bridges. The probability of bridge failure and its associated liability to the public is totally avoided since the root cause of local scour is prevented.