Abstract: A lighting device disclosed in an embodiment of the invention includes a substrate; light sources disposed on the substrate; and a resin layer disposed on the substrate and the light sources. a first reflective layer disposed on the resin layer, wherein the resin layer includes an exit surface facing the light sources, and the exit surface of the resin layer includes convex portions facing each of the light sources and recess portions respectively disposed between the plurality of convex portions, concave surfaces disposed in each of the plurality of recess portions may have a curvature, and a radius of curvature of the concave surfaces may increase in one direction.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for effectively up-sampling an image using information of neighboring blocks, and a method and apparatus of scalable video encoding/decoding using the same. The method for up-sampling a low resolution image corresponding to a high resolution image having an arbitrary image up-sampling ratio includes determining whether the low resolution image is inter-mode data, and performing an image up-sampling adaptively according to a macroblock mode of the low resolution image, when the low resolution image is the inter-mode data.