Abstract: A technique to generate terahertz radiation is disclosed, where a pump beam (12) is coupled into an optical element (50) made of a medium with non-linear optical properties having plane-parallel front and rear boundary surfaces (51, 52), wherein the pump beam (12) is split into a set of partial pump beams (121) by reflection and/or diffraction on a periodic relief structure (53) of said optical element (50). The partial pump beams travel along a direction at an angle ? that satisfies the velocity matching condition of vp,cs cos(?)=vTHz,f within the given medium, where vp,cs is the group velocity of the pump beam, vTHz,f is the phase velocity of the terahertz radiation and the speed a planar envelope (212) travels toward the front boundary surface (51) of the optical element (50), and angle ? is the angle formed by the pulse front envelope and the phase front of the pump beam.

Abstract: A technique to generate terahertz radiation is disclosed, where a pump beam (12) is coupled into an optical element (50) made of a medium with non-linear optical properties having plane-parallel front and rear boundary surfaces (51, 52), wherein the pump beam (12) is split into a set of partial pump beams (121) by reflection and/or diffraction on a periodic relief structure (53) of said optical element (50). The partial pump beams travels along a direction at an angle ? that satisfies the velocity matching condition of vp,cs, cos(?)=vTHz,f within the given medium, where vp;cs is the group velocity of the pump beam, vTHz;f is the phase velocity of the terahertz radiation and the speed a planar envelope (212) travels toward the front boundary surface (51) of the optical element (50), and ? is the angle formed by the pulse front envelope and the phase front of the pump beam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement to generate a coherent electromagnetic radiation containing at most a few optical cycles in the extreme ultraviolet/vacuum ultraviolet domain. The inventive method comprises the steps of providing an electron package (15) of relativistic velocity; modulating said electron package (15) with high intensity laser light (17) in an undulator (20) having an undulator period smaller than the undulator period (?u) satisfying the resonance condition, producing thereby an electron package formed of electron microbunches; and passing the electron package (15) of electron microbunches leaving said undulator (20) through a static magnetic field, and generating thereby a coherent electromagnetic radiation, wherein said static magnetic field is generated in conformity with the coherent electromagnetic radiation to be achieved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement to generate a coherent electromagnetic radiation containing at most a few optical cycles in the extreme ultraviolet/vacuum ultraviolet domain. The inventive method comprises the steps of providing an electron package (15) of relativistic velocity; modulating said electron package (15) with high intensity laser light (17) in an undulator (20) having an undulator period smaller than the undulator period (?u) satisfying the resonance condition, producing thereby an electron package formed of electron microbunches; and passing the electron package (15) of electron microbunches leaving said undulator (20) through a static magnetic field, and generating thereby a coherent electromagnetic radiation, wherein said static magnetic field is generated in conformity with the coherent electromagnetic radiation to be achieved.

Abstract: The invention is a method for emission tomographic reconstruction from measurement data, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining the measurement data corresponding to activity of particle emissions of a volume from a tomographic imaging system, and performing at least one iteration step to obtain emission density data of particle emissions of the volume from the measurement data, wherein the at least one iteration step comprises a forward projection being a projection from the emission density data to the measurement data, and a back projection being a projection from the measurement data to the emission density data, and the at least one iteration step is carried out in a parallel hardware architecture, wherein both the forward projection and the back projection are of at least partially gathering type, and the measurement data is of binned type. The invention also relates to computer readable medium and a system for processing tomographic reconstruction from measurement data.

Abstract: The invention is a method for emission tomographic reconstruction from measurement data, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining the measurement data corresponding to activity of particle emissions of a volume from a tomographic imaging system, and performing at least one iteration step to obtain emission density data of particle emissions of the volume from the measurement data, wherein the at least one iteration step comprises a forward projection being a projection from the emission density data to the measurement data, and a back projection being a projection from the measurement data to the emission density data, and the at least one iteration step is carried out in a parallel hardware architecture, wherein both the forward projection and the back projection are of at least partially gathering type, and the measurement data is of binned type. The invention also relates to computer readable medium and a system for processing tomographic reconstruction from measurement data.

Abstract: Basic esters of fatty alcohols of the general formula: R1-O—CO-A or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1 is C12-C24 alkyl or C10-C24 alkenyl, and A is a residue containing at least one acyclic or cyclic amino group and/or at least one heteroaromatic ring containing a tertiary or quaternary nitrogen atom, are anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents, useful in the treatment of immunologically-mediated inflammation, as adjuvants for antigens involved in both cellular and humoral responses.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having the structure: wherein, R1 is H, NH2, NH—(C1-C4)alkyl, or N—[(C1-C4)alkyl]2; R2 and R3 are each independently H, (C1-C4)alkyl, or wherein R4 is H, (C1-C4)alkyl, halogen, hydroxy, (C1-C10)alkoxy, cyano, nitro, —NR5R6, or —OCONR7R8; wherein R5 and R6 are each independently H, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C4)alkyl; and wherein R7 and R8 are each independently H, or substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C4)alkyl, or (C1-C10)aryl; and wherein only one of R2 and R3 is H, enantiomers, tautomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds or salts, and processes for their preparation. The subject invention also provides methods of alleviating symptoms of neurologic and inflammatory disorders, methods of preventing oxidation of lipids, proteins, or deoxyribonucleic acids on a cellular level, and methods of protecting human red blood cells from lysis by O2 radicals.

Abstract: Basic esters of fatty alcohols of the general formula: R1-O—CO-A or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1 is C12-C24 alkyl or C10-C24 alkenyl, and A is a residue containing at least one acyclic or cyclic amino group and/or at least one heteroaromatic ring containing a tertiary or quaternary nitrogen atom, are anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents, useful in the treatment of immunologically-mediated inflammation, as adjuvants for antigens involved in both cellular and humoral responses.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a compound having the structure: wherein Y is O, NR3R4 or NOR6; R3 is H, alkyl, aralkyl, alkynyl, trifluoroacetyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or an acyl group; R4 is H, alkyl, aralkyl, or alkynyl; R6 is H or C1-C4 alkyl; R1 and R2 are each independently H, alkyl, aralkyl, or alkynyl; the curved line drawn from S to the center of the phenyl ring and the straight line drawn from N to the center of the ring indicate that S and N are part of a 5 membered ring which shares two carbons with the phenyl ring; and the dashed line drawn from the carbon atom on the cyclopentyl ring to Y represents a bond when Y is O or NOR6 and is absent when Y is NR3R4, and wherein wherein X is H or O; and R5 is H, alkyl, trifluoroacetyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or an acyl group, or an enantiomer, or a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a process for preparing the compounds and a method of treating Parknison's disease, multiple sclerosis or depression with the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hose comprising a steel coupling (1), in which the structural elements of the hose, namely the reinforcing plies (4), liner (12), carcass (7), and cover (9) are bonded. The main feature of the invention is that the reinforcing plies (4) of the hose, which are partially or entirely bonded with rubber, are embedded in the adhesive resin layer in the coupling device (1) assembled to the vulcanized hose.

Abstract: The invention relates to new flavone derivaties which have at least one N-disubstituted carbamoyloxy unit (OOCNR6(R7))coupled directly to one or both aromatic rings of the flavone molecule.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hose comprising a steel coupling (1), in which the structural elements of the hose, namely the reinforcing plies (4), liner (12), carcass (7), and cover (9) are bonded.

Abstract: The invention relates to new flavone derivaties which have at least one N-disubstituted carbamoyloxy unit (OOCNR6(R7))coupled directly to one or both aromatic rings of the flavone molecule.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of carboxylic acids and derivatives of them of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R means hydrogen, or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a (C.sub.1-5 alkoxy)carbonyl group,R.sub.1 is as defined in claim 1,R.sub.7 stands for hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7 alkyl group andR.sub.8 means hydrogen or a carboxyl group.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of high-purity deferoxamine salts from filtered fermentation liquors containing deferoxamine B as active ingredient by the adsorption of the active ingredient onto an ion exchange resin and the subsequent dissolution and purification thereof, which comprises carrying out the separation of the deferoxamine salt subsequent to the concentration of the eluate by salting out from an aqueous solution or from a mixture of water and an organic solvent and purifying it by repeated salting out and/or by methods known per se, and optionallya) preparing the methanesulfonate salt by known methods, orb) passing the aqueous solution of the deferoxamine salt trough an ion exchange resin containing methanesulfonate anions as counter ions and recovering the methanesulfonate salt from the effluent, preferably by lyophilization.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of carboxylic acids and derivatives of them of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R means hydrogen, or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a (C.sub.1-5 alkoxy)carbonyl group,R.sub.1 is as defined in claim 1,R.sub.7 stands for hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7 alkyl group andR.sub.8 means hydrogen or a carboxyl group,by reacting a 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione derivative of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.9 stands for a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a phenyl group, optionally monosubstituted by halogen andR.sub.10 stands for hydrogen or a C.sub.1-5 alkyl group orR.sub.9 and R.sub.10 together form a pentamethylene group,and an aldehyde or ketone of the general formula ##STR3## in the presence of formic acid.

Abstract: Azidoethylmorphine, a new 7,8-dihydroisomorphine derivative, has excellent antitussive effects without respiration depression.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable 3-protected derivatives of 6-deoxy-6-azido-14-hydroxy-7, 8-dihydroisomorphine, selected from the group which consists of 3-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-6-azido-14-hydroxy-7, 8-dihydroisomorphine, 3-O-tetrahydropyranyl-6-deoxy-6-azido-14-hydroxy-7, 8-dihydroisomorphine and 3-O-methylenemethoxy-6-deoxy-6-azido-14-hydroxy-7, 8-dihydroisomorphine, and the salts of these compounds which comprise the following steps:Blockin the hydroxy in position 3 of 14-hydroxy-7, 8-dihydromorphine with a moiety selected from the group which consists of acetyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and methylenemethoxy; andAzidiylating position 6 of the compounds formed in a step (a) thereby removing the hydroxy formerly in that position.