Abstract: Disclosed herein are a logical qubit execution apparatus and method. The logical qubit execution apparatus may be configured to execute, by a logical execution layer, a quantum circuit including requested logical qubits using a lattice surgery operation, generate, by the logical execution layer, measurement results of the logical qubits by combining measurement results of logical Pauli frames, generate, by a physical execution layer, a physical qubit circuit by converting a logical qubit operation corresponding to the measurement results of the logical qubits into a physical qubit operation, and measure, by the physical execution layer, results of an operation on physical Pauli frames by executing the physical qubit circuit.

Abstract: A method for controlling driving of a hybrid electric vehicle includes collecting driving data while the hybrid electric vehicle is driven, determining whether the hybrid electric vehicle enters a first mode corresponding to emergency driving of the hybrid electric vehicle or a second mode corresponding to control in preparation for the emergency driving, and controlling the hybrid electric vehicle in accordance with a mode that the hybrid electric vehicle enters among the first mode and the second mode.

Abstract: An operation method of a relay node may include: receiving, from a first communication node, first data composed of n bits; receiving, from a second communication node, second data composed of m bits; in response to determining that n is greater than m, generating first T-data of m bits excluding (n?m) bits from the n-bits of the first data and first R-data of (n?m) bits; generating third data by performing a network coding operation on the first T-data and the second data; transmitting the third data to the first communication node; and transmitting the third data and the first R-data to the second communication node.

Abstract: Provided are a unified communication system and a unified communication method using multi-login, a terminal for controlling an operation of a unified communication tool, and a communication method in a terminal. The unified communication system may include a communication tool provider to provide a communication tool for at least one communication server associated with a user; a login manager to manage login information of the user when the user is logged in to two or more terminals simultaneously through respective communication tools on the two or more terminals, respectively, the login manager storing the login information of the user in a storage unit; a terminal determining unit to determine, among the two or more terminals, at least one terminal to which data associated with the user is to be transmitted based on the login information; and a communication unit to transmit the data to the at least one determined terminal.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention disclose a file transmission management system and a file transmission management method for supporting a file transmission in a mobile messaging service. The file transmission management system may include a file transmission manager to receive a file from an Internet storage space associated with a user when the user requests a transmission of the file stored in the Internet storage space.

Abstract: Provided are a unified communication system and a unified communication method using multi-login, a terminal for controlling an operation of a unified communication tool, and a communication method in a terminal. The unified communication system may include a communication tool provider to provide a communication tool for at least one communication server associated with a user; a login manager to manage login information of the user when the user is logged in to two or more terminals simultaneously through respective communication tools on the two or more terminals, respectively, the login manager storing the login information of the user in a storage unit; a terminal determining unit to determine, among the two or more terminals, at least one terminal to which data associated with the user is to be transmitted based on the login information; and a communication unit to transmit the data to the at least one determined terminal.