Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a discharge pressure of a fluid includes: a pump configured to suck the fluid through an inlet or to discharge the sucked fluid through an outlet; a distributor connected to the pump and to an injection nozzle provided by a sensor and configured to distribute the fluid discharged from the pump to the sensor; and a controller. The controller is configured to control the pump to operate selectively in accordance with detection of contamination of the sensor and to control operation of the distributor to be forcibly delayed during operation of the pump such that the fluid distributed to the sensor, when detected as being contaminated, is controlled to reach a selected required discharge pressure of different required discharge pressures selected in accordance with water amount information and a degree of contamination of the sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds of Chemical Formula 1, optical isomers of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds or the optical isomers. The compounds, isomers, and salts exhibit excellent activity as GLP-1 receptor agonists. In particular, they, as GLP-1 receptor agonists, exhibit excellent glucose tolerance, thus having a great potential to be used as therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases. Moreover, they exhibit excellent pharmacological safety for cardiovascular systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an artificial bladder system having a double space divided by a partition wall and a wireless, non-powered urine fullness sensor using an RFID technology, which provides an artificial bladder system comprising: an outer wall that forms the outer shape of the artificial bladder, is inserted into the body, and has an inner space; a partition wall, wherein both ends are fixed to the inside of the outer wall, the inner space of the outer wall is divided into a double space of a urine reservoir and a working fluid space, and it is deformable according to amounts of the urine and the working fluid; and a urine fullness sensor installed in the working fluid space and sensing a urine fullness degree based on the deformation of the partition wall.