Abstract: A flash memory includes a first memory cell connected with a selected word line and a first bit line, a second memory cell connected with the selected word line and a second bit line, a sense amplifier that provides a sensing line with a sensing current for sensing data stored in the first memory cell or the second memory cell, a bit line selection circuit that selects a bit line by connecting the sensing line with the first bit line or the second bit line, and a margin read test circuit that performs a margin read test operation in which the margin read test circuit provides the sensing line with a margin current for testing a read margin of the data stored in the first memory cell or the second memory cell that is connected to the selected bit line.

Abstract: Provided a voltage generating circuits including assist circuits and operating methods thereof. The voltage generating circuit which includes an assist circuit that generates an assist signal indicating an enable mode or a disable mode. When a first power supply voltage is lower than an assist reference voltage, the assist signal indicates the enable mode, and a compensation circuit generates a compensation signal based on the first power supply voltage. An internal voltage converter generates a regulated voltage based on the first power supply voltage, and a charge pump circuit generates a pump voltage based on the regulated voltage. The compensation signal compensates for the regulated voltage.

Abstract: Provided a voltage generating circuits including assist circuits and operating methods thereof. The voltage generating circuit which includes an assist circuit that generates an assist signal indicating an enable mode or a disable mode. When a first power supply voltage is lower than an assist reference voltage, the assist signal indicates the enable mode, and a compensation circuit generates a compensation signal based on the first power supply voltage. An internal voltage converter generates a regulated voltage based on the first power supply voltage, and a charge pump circuit generates a pump voltage based on the regulated voltage. The compensation signal compensates for the regulated voltage.