Abstract: In one example, a semiconductor device can comprise a substrate, a device stack, first and second internal interconnects, and an encapsulant. The substrate can comprise a first and second substrate sides opposite each other, a substrate outer sidewall between the first substrate side and the second substrate side, and a substrate inner sidewall defining a cavity between the first substrate side and the second substrate side. The device stack can be in the cavity and can comprise a first electronic device, and a second electronic device stacked on the first electronic device. The first internal interconnect can be coupled to the substrate and the device stack. The encapsulant can cover the substrate inner sidewall and the device stack and can fill the cavity. Other examples and related methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method for controlling driving of a hybrid electric vehicle includes collecting driving data while the hybrid electric vehicle is driven, determining whether the hybrid electric vehicle enters a first mode corresponding to emergency driving of the hybrid electric vehicle or a second mode corresponding to control in preparation for the emergency driving, and controlling the hybrid electric vehicle in accordance with a mode that the hybrid electric vehicle enters among the first mode and the second mode.

Abstract: In the integrated hydraulic rotary actuator according to the present invention, a valve, a sensor, a controller, and a driving unit for controlling the rotary actuator are integrated, so wires connecting them are not exposed to the outside. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent damage due to interference in operation and maintenance is easy. Further, since it is integrated, including a controller, when the actuator according to the present invention is used, connecting with other parts is easy and interference can be reduced. Therefore, it is easy to design and manufacture a resultant product.

Abstract: In the integrated hydraulic rotary actuator according to the present invention, a valve, a sensor, a controller, and a driving unit for controlling the rotary actuator are integrated, so wires connecting them are not exposed to the outside. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent damage due to interference in operation and maintenance is easy. Further, since it is integrated, including a controller, when the actuator according to the present invention is used, connecting with other parts is easy and interference can be reduced. Therefore, it is easy to design and manufacture a resultant product.

Abstract: A six-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism is provided for expanding a grade of a spindle. The parallel mechanism has a spindle that turns round a workpiece at a tilting angle of 90.degree. in a workspace, to thereby allow a machining for both vertical and horizontal planes of the workpiece, and a vertical turning process, by a single machining center. A six-axis multi-machining type machining center embodying the parallel mechanism of the present invention is also disclosed. An over-actuated multi-machining type machining center further including over-actuated actuators is presented to solve a problem of driving joints' singularity caused by the parallel mechanism.