Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine cylinder having a suction opening; a piston arranged in the engine cylinder for reciprocating motion therein; a fresh-gas conduit system for supplying the cylinder with fresh gas; and a resonance system forming part of the fresh-gas conduit system. The resonance system includes a resonance vessel having a resonance vessel outflow opening communicating with the suction opening of the engine cylinder and a plurality of resonance pipes each having one end provided with a pipe inflow opening for fresh gas and an opposite end provided with a pipe outflow opening for fresh gas merging into the resonance vessel. The resonance system further has a closing element having an open and a closed position for allowing and, respectively, preventing flow of fresh gas through one of the resonance pipes to connect the last-named resonance pipe to and, respectively, disconnect it from the resonance system for changing a resonance frequency of the resonance system.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine includes an intake gas conduit assembly in which intake gas resonance oscillations are generated for increasing the charging efficiency of the cylinders. The intake gas conduit assembly has a feed resonance system including a feed resonator vessel connected with the intake ports of a group of cylinders whose suction strokes do not significantly overlap and a feed resonance pipe communicating with the feed resonator vessel. The intake gas conduit assembly further has an auxiliary resonance system including a closed auxiliary resonator vessel and an auxiliary resonance pipe opening into the auxiliary resonator vessel, an intermediate resonator vessel coupled with the auxiliary resonance pipe and the feed resonance pipe and an intake gas inlet pipe coupled with the intermediate resonator vessel.

Abstract: A multicylinder reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine has an intake gas resonance system associated with a group of engine cylinders whose suction strokes do not significantly overlap. The system includes a resonator vessel communicating with intake openings of the cylinders. The system further has a resonance tube communicating, with an end thereof, with the resonator vessel. The resonance tube has a length portion terminating at the resonator vessel and having cross-sectional areas increasing towards the resonator vessel. The cross-sectional area taken at the end of the resonance tube where it joins the resonator vessel is at least 1.2 times greater than the minimum cross section of the resonance tube. The distance between the end of the resonance tube joining the resonator vessel and an oppositely located inner wall face of the resonator vessel is greater than the diameter of a circle whose area equals the cross-sectional area taken at that end of the resonance tube.

Abstract: An internal combustion reciprocating engine includes an intake gas conduit system for supplying each engine cylinder with intake gas. Maximum four engine cylinders whose suction cycles are in a substantially non-overlapping relationship with one another form a cylinder group. The intake gas conduit system has a feed resonator vessel communicating with the intake opening of each cylinder of the cylinder group, a dampening vessel having an intake gas inlet opening and a feed resonance tube maintaining communication between the feed resonator vessel and the dampening vessel. The feed resonator vessel and the feed resonance tube form a first oscillating system in which intake gas oscillations are generated by the effect of periodic suction cycles of the cylinders forming the cylinder group. The intake gas conduit system further has a closed resonator vessel and an equalizing resonance tube maintaining communication between the dampening vessel and the closed resonator vessel.

Abstract: An engine-cooling system has each of the vent pipes connecting a geodetic high point with the expansion tank provided with a hydrodynamic flow-controlling throttle which provides substantially unobstructed flow to air and provides increasing flow resistance with increasing liquid flow throughput of the coolant-circulating pump.

Abstract: A multi-space intake gas conduit system for a multi-cylinder internal combustion piston engine has at least two separate resonator vessels each associated with a separate cylinder group formed of predetermined cylinders of the engine. Each resonator vessel is coupled to intake openings of the cylinders forming the cylinder group associated with the respective resonator vessel. To each resonator vessel there is coupled a resonance tube and there is further provided a damper vessel interconnecting the resonance tubes. The resonator vessels and resonance tubes associated with separate cylinder groups form separate acoustic oscillating systems tuned to substantially the same natural frequencies. The resonance tubes coupled to different resonator vessels are of different lengths; the length of the shortest resonance tube is at least 0.6 times the length of the longest resonance tube and the diameter of a circle having an area identical to the cross-sectional area of the shortest resonance tube is at least 0.

Abstract: Process for determining the starting point of fuel injection in internal-combustion engines having a fuel-injection nozzle with a housing and a needle valve and a displacement limited by a stroke limiter, comprising the steps of observing and consecutively registering vibrations and/or noise phenomena arising from abutments of the needle in the valve against the stroke limiter, and selecting the leading branch or ascending flank of a first half-wave signal from that vibration, the registering being accomplished with a sensing element placed at least in the vicinity of the nozzle housing. Several additional, optional features are disclosed.

Abstract: Live-gas conduit system for turbocharged, six-cylinder, serially connected internal-combustion engines, linked between the suction inlets of the cylinders and the turbocharger, comprising two separate resonance tanks, each attached to the suction inlets of three adjoining engine cylinders, a resonance tube for each resonance tank, and a damping tank that links the inlet openings of the resonance tubes with the pressure side of the turbocharger. Special proportions and placements are suggested to attain a space-saving arrangement that reduces the space requirement, and particularly the length, of the conduit system.