Abstract: Disclosed herein are structure-based methods for ligand optimization. The methods involve the selection of a candidate ligand from a structural library based on the binding energy of the ligand with a cancer cell-surface protein. The binding energy is estimated from parameters including polar and mon-polar interactions between the ligand and the surface protein. In this way, candidate ligand(s) with desirable binding affinity to the cancer cell-surface protein can be selected.

Abstract: Cancer-targeting peptides having a PX1LX2 motif, in which X1 is His or an amino acid residue with a hydrophobic side chain and X2 is Pro, Phe, or Trp. Also disclosed herein are conjugates containing the cancer-targeting peptides and uses thereof in cancer treatment and diagnosis.

Abstract: Cancer-targeting peptides having a PX1LX2 motif, in which X1 is His or an amino acid residue with a hydrophobic side chain and X2 is Pro, Phe, or Trp. Also disclosed herein are conjugates containing the cancer-targeting peptides and uses thereof in cancer treatment and diagnosis.

Abstract: Cancer-targeting peptides having a PX1LX2 motif, in which X1 is His or an amino acid residue with a hydrophobic side chain and X2 is Pro, Phe, or Trp. Also disclosed herein are conjugates containing the cancer-targeting peptides and uses thereof in cancer treatment and diagnosis.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus thereof for monitoring leakage of process cooling water (PCW) in a furnace. In the method, a bellows used to deliver the process cooling water is covered by a protecting tubing, so as to protect the bellows from being corroded by the process environment and to control the flow direction of the cooling water leaking from the bellows, thus avoiding the cooling water sprinkling. In addition, a tray is installed under the bellows to receive the leaking cooling water, so as to prevent the leaking cooling water from spilling on wafers. Besides, sensors are installed in the tray to send a signal while the cooling water falling on the tray.