Abstract: Provided are alloys of formula (I), IrzPdxRuy, wherein x is the atomic % of palladium (Pd) present, y is the atomic % of ruthenium (Ru) present, Z is the atomic % of iridium (Ir) present, and 0?x?20, 10?y?90, and, 10?z?90. Electrocatalysts, devices, and processes employing the alloys are also provided.

Abstract: A metal oxide compound of formula (I): MnxMyRu1-(x+y)O2 ??(I) is a single phase rutile-type structure, where M is Co, Ni, or Fe, or a combination thereof, x>0, y?0, and 0.02?(x+y)?0.30. Related electro-catalysts, devices, and processes are also provided.

Abstract: A solar flow battery comprising: a positive compartment containing at least one positive electrode in contact with a positive electrolyte containing a first redox active molecule; a negative compartment containing at least one negative electrode in contact with a negative electrolyte containing a second redox active molecule, wherein said first and second redox active molecules remain dissolved in solution when changed in oxidation state; at least one of said negative or positive electrodes comprises a semiconductor light absorber; electrical communication means between said electrodes and an external load for directing electrical energy into or out of said solar flow battery; a separator component that separates the positive and negative electrolytes while permitting the passage of non-redox-active species; and means for establishing flow of the positive and negative electrolyte solutions past respective electrodes.

Abstract: A method for preparing a material composition comprising a hollow transition metal oxide nanoparticle supported upon a carbon material support includes a solution impregnation process step, followed by a thermal reduction process step and finally a thermal oxidation process step. The material composition, an electrode and an electrical component such as but not limited to a battery are all predicated at least in-part upon the material composition prepared in accord with the foregoing method. The foregoing material composition, electrode, battery and method may ultimately provide a LIB with enhanced performance.

Abstract: A solid-state three-dimensional battery assembly includes a solid bicontinuous monolithic carbon anode, a solid electrolyte layer, and a solid cathode. The solid monolithic carbon anode has an ordered three-dimensionally continuous network nanostructure, a length of at least 100 nm, and an average thickness of 3 to 90 nm. The ordered three-dimensionally continuous network nanostructure of the anode defines a plurality of pores having an average diameter of 5 to 100 nm. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed directly on the anode, has an average thickness of 3 to 90 nm, and fills a portion of the pores defined by the ordered three-dimensionally continuous network nanostructure of the anode. The solid cathode is disposed directly on the electrolyte layer, has an average thickness of 3 to 90 nm, and also fills a portion of the pores defined by the ordered three-dimensionally continuous network nanostructure of the anode. Related devices and methods are also provided.

Abstract: A redox flow battery comprising: a positive compartment containing a positive electrode in contact with a liquid electrolyte comprised of an organic redox active molecule dissolved in a solvent; a negative compartment containing a negative electrode in contact with a liquid electrolyte comprised of said organic redox active molecule dissolved in a solvent; electrical communication means for establishing electrical communication between said positive electrode, said negative electrode and an external load for directing electrical energy into or out of said symmetric redox flow battery; a separator component that separates the electrolyte solutions in the positive and negative compartments while permitting the passage of non-redox-active species between electrolyte solutions in positive and negative compartments; and means capable of establishing flow of the electrolyte solutions past said positive and negative electrodes, respectively.

Abstract: A solid-state three-dimensional battery assembly includes a solid bicontinuous monolithic carbon anode, a solid electrolyte layer, and a solid cathode. The solid monolithic carbon anode has an ordered three-dimensionally continuous network nanostructure, a length of at least 100 nm, and an average thickness of 3 to 90 nm. The ordered three-dimensionally continuous network nanostructure of the anode defines a plurality of pores having an average diameter of 5 to 100 nm. The solid electrolyte layer is disposed directly on the anode, has an average thickness of 3 to 90 nm, and fills a portion of the pores defined by the ordered three-dimensionally continuous network nanostructure of the anode. The solid cathode is disposed directly on the electrolyte layer, has an average thickness of 3 to 90 nm, and also fills a portion of the pores defined by the ordered three-dimensionally continuous network nanostructure of the anode. Related devices and methods are also provided.

Abstract: A nanoparticle and a method for fabricating the nanoparticle utilize a decomposable material yoke located within permeable organic polymer material shell and separated from the permeable organic polymer material shell by a void space. When the decomposable material yoke comprises a sulfur material and the permeable organic polymer material shell comprises a material permeable to both a sulfur material vapor and a lithium ion within a battery electrolyte the nanoparticle may be used within an electrode for a Li/S battery absent the negative effects of battery electrode materials expansion.

Abstract: A method for preparing a material composition comprising a hollow transition metal oxide nanoparticle supported upon a carbon material support includes a solution impregnation process step, followed by a thermal reduction process step and finally a thermal oxidation process step. The material composition, an electrode and an electrical component such as but not limited to a battery are all predicated at least in-part upon the material composition prepared in accord with the foregoing method. The foregoing material composition, electrode, battery and method may ultimately provide a LIB with enhanced performance.

Abstract: Manganese oxide nanoparticles having a chemical composition that includes Mn3O4, a sponge like morphology and a particle size from about 65 to about 95 nanometers may be formed by calcining a manganese hydroxide material at a temperature from about 200 to about 400 degrees centigrade for a time period from about 1 to about 20 hours in an oxygen containing environment. The particular manganese oxide nanoparticles with the foregoing physical features may be used within a battery component, and in particular an anode within a lithium battery to provide enhanced performance.

Abstract: A redox flow battery comprising: a positive compartment containing a positive electrode in contact with a liquid electrolyte comprised of an organic redox active molecule dissolved in a solvent; a negative compartment containing a negative electrode in contact with a liquid electrolyte comprised of said organic redox active molecule dissolved in a solvent; electrical communication means for establishing electrical communication between said positive electrode, said negative electrode and an external load for directing electrical energy into or out of said symmetric redox flow battery; a separator component that separates the electrolyte solutions in the positive and negative compartments while permitting the passage of non-redox-active species between electrolyte solutions in positive and negative compartments; and means capable of establishing flow of the electrolyte solutions past said positive and negative electrodes, respectively.

Abstract: A solar flow battery comprising: a positive compartment containing at least one positive electrode in contact with a positive electrolyte containing a first redox active molecule; a negative compartment containing at least one negative electrode in contact with a negative electrolyte containing a second redox active molecule, wherein said first and second redox active molecules remain dissolved in solution when changed in oxidation state; at least one of said negative or positive electrodes comprises a semiconductor light absorber; electrical communication means between said electrodes and an external load for directing electrical energy into or out of said solar flow battery; a separator component that separates the positive and negative electrolytes while permitting the passage of non-redox-active species; and means for establishing flow of the positive and negative electrolyte solutions past respective electrodes.

Abstract: Electropolymerized polymer or copolymer films on a conducting substrate (e.g., graphene) and methods of making such films. The films may be part of multilayer structures. The films can be formed by anodic or cathodic electropolymerization of monomers. The films and structures (e.g., multilayer structures) can be used in devices such as, for example, electrochromic devices, electrical-energy storage devices, photo-voltaic devices, field-effect transistor devices, electrical devices, electronic devices, energy-generation devices, and microfluidic devices.

Abstract: A method for preparing a material composition comprising a hollow transition metal oxide nanoparticle supported upon a carbon material support includes a solution impregnation process step, followed by a thermal reduction process step and finally a thermal oxidation process step. The material composition, an electrode and an electrical component such as but not limited to a battery are all predicated at least in-part upon the material composition prepared in accord with the foregoing method. The foregoing material composition, electrode, battery and method may ultimately provide a LIB with enhanced performance.

Abstract: A materials composition and a method for preparing the materials composition provide: (1) a core material comprising a reactive carbon material-sulfur material composite; surrounded by and chemically coupled with (2) a shell material comprising a reactive sheath material. The material composition is useful within electrodes within electrical components including but not limited to electrochemical gas cells, supercapacitors and batteries where enhanced cycling may be realized.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a nanoparticle and a method for preparing the nanoparticle, as well as a membrane that includes the nanoparticle and a fuel cell that includes the membrane. The method comprises a thermal treatment method that provides from a nanoparticle comprising a structurally disordered material the nanoparticle comprising: (1) a structurally ordered core comprising a first material; and (2) a shell surrounding and further structurally aligned with the structurally ordered core and comprising a second material different from the first material. Particularly desirable is a nanoparticle comprising a Pt3Co@Pt/C structurally ordered core-shell composition supported upon a carbon support.

Abstract: Manganese oxide nanoparticles having a chemical composition that includes Mn3O4, a sponge like morphology and a particle size from about 65 to about 95 nanometers may be formed by calcining a manganese hydroxide material at a temperature from about 200 to about 400 degrees centigrade for a time period from about 1 to about 20 hours in an oxygen containing environment. The particular manganese oxide nanoparticles with the foregoing physical features may be used within a battery component, and in particular an anode within a lithium battery to provide enhanced performance.

Abstract: The invention teaches electrospun light-emitting fibers made from ionic transition metal complexes (“iTMCs”) such as [Ru(bpy)3]2+(PF6?)2]/PEO mixtures with dimensions in the 10.0 nm to 5.0 micron range and capable of highly localized light emission at low operating voltages such as 3-4 V with turn-on voltages approaching the band-gap limit of the organic semiconductor that may be used as point source light emitters on a chip.

Abstract: The invention teaches electrospun light-emitting fibers made from ionic transition metal complexes (‘iTMCs”) such as [Ru(bpy)3]2+(PF6?)2]/PEO mixtures with dimensions in the 10.0 nm to 5.0 micron range and capable of highly localized light emission at low operating voltages such as 3-4 V with turn-on voltages approaching the band-gap limit of the organic semiconductor that may be used as point source light emitters on a chip.

Abstract: The invention teaches electrospun light-emitting fibers made from ionic transition metal complexes (“iTMCs”) such as [Ru(bpy)3]2+(PF6.)2]/PEO mixtures with dimensions in the 10.0 nm to 5.0 micron range and capable of highly localized light emission at low operating voltages such as 3-4 V with turn-on voltages approaching the band-gap limit of the organic semiconductor that may be used as point source light emitters on a chip.