Abstract: A vanadium redox flow battery employs a single electrolyte as a starting material to be placed in equal amounts in the positive and negative electrolyte storage tanks for supporting electrolytes containing zinc and chloride ions. A supporting solution includes chloride ions and zinc ions, and a half-cell solution including vanadium ions based on an aggregate oxidation state around +3.5 is disposed in the supporting solution to form the electrolyte solution for the redox flow battery. With HCl as a supporting electrolyte, as an alternative to conventional sulfuric acid, the use of zinc provides multiple benefits in the preparation of vanadium-based electrolytes.

Abstract: A light transparent moisture barrier useful for preventing moisture from destroying the effectiveness of a moisture sensitive cell condition tester on an electrochemical cell comprises a plurality of very thin; alternating layers of an inorganic material and an organic material on a flexible, polymeric substrate. The layers are not laminated, but are formed on the substrate by a deposition or coating process and the thickness of any layer is less than 5 microns.

Abstract: A light transparent moisture barrier useful for preventing moisture from destroying the effectiveness of a moisture sensitive cell condition tester on an electrochemical cell comprises a plurality of very thin, alternating layers of an inorganic material and an organic material on a flexible, polymeric substrate. The layers are not laminated, but are formed on the substrate by a deposition or coating process and the thickness of any layer is less than 5 microns. The organic material is a hydrophobic polymer and the inorganic material is a metal oxide, nitride, a glass or silicon.