Abstract: The omnidirectional ultra-wideband antenna is a variant on a monocone antenna, particularly including a supplemental radiating element. The omnidirectional ultra-wideband antenna includes an electrically conductive conical surface having a vertex end and a base end, and a supplemental radiating element having a first portion and a second portion. The first portion extends from the base end of the electrically conductive conical surface, the first portion being positioned between the base end of the electrically conductive conical surface and the second portion. The vertex end of the electrically conductive conical surface is positioned adjacent to, and spaced apart from, a first surface of a ground plane plate. At least one electrically conductive rod is provided, a first end of the rod being secured to the second portion, and a second end of each rod being mounted on the first surface of the ground plane plate.

Abstract: The omnidirectional multiband antenna is a variant on a monocone antenna, particularly including a corrugated extending surface for lowering the low frequency cutoff of the monocone antenna. The omnidirectional multiband antenna includes an electrically conductive conical surface, having a vertex end and a base end, and at least one electrically conductive annular member mounted on the base end. The at least one electrically conductive annular member is formed from a plurality of stacked segments and has a corrugated exterior surface. The vertex end of the electrically conductive conical surface is positioned adjacent to, and spaced apart from, a first surface of a ground plane plate. A plurality of cylindrical rods is provided, a first end of each rod being secured to the at least one electrically conductive annular member, and a second end of each rod being mounted on the first surface of the ground plane plate.

Abstract: The ultra-wideband unipole antenna is a variant on a monocone antenna, including a plurality of electrically conductive rods that act as a parallel inductive-capacitive (L-C) network for improving the impedance match between the radiating element of the antenna and the antenna's feed. An electrically conductive conical surface having a vertex end and a base end acts as the radiating element. The vertex end is positioned adjacent to, and spaced apart from, a ground plane plate. Each electrically conductive rod has opposed first and second ends, the first end being secured to the electrically conductive conical surface, and the second end being secured to the ground plane plate. A coaxial cable feed line has a center conductor and an outer conductor. The center conductor is in electrical communication with the vertex end of the electrically conductive conical surface, and the outer conductor is in electrical communication with the ground plane plate.

Abstract: A method and an optical communication system for a practical implementation of fast frequency hopping-code division multiple access in optical networks allowing higher transmission bandwidth is provided. The method comprises the step a) of providing a fast frequency hopping CDMA coded optical signal comprising a plurality of user's bits of a plurality of users. The method also comprises the step b) of over spreading in a time axis each of the user's bits of the fast frequency hopping CDMA coded optical signal. The method also comprises the step c) of interleaving each of the user's bits of a given user with a successive user's bit of the given user. After steps a), b) and c), the method comprises the step d) of transmitting the fast frequency hopping CDMA coded optical signal over the optical network. The method also comprises, after step d), the step e) of over de-spreading in the time axis each of the user's bits of the fast frequency hopping CDMA coded optical signal.

Abstract: In this invention we present a method and apparatus of simultaneously compensating a divider power-loss and managing the pump's power budget in upgradeable and scalable passive optical network architecture. The apparatus namely called lossless splitter, is passive, bi-directional and allows modular and scalable PON architecture. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention a mean of dividing (combining) optical signals to (from) a plurality of paths in a lossless fashion is proposed. This divider (combiner) also as the property of distributing the residual optical pump power, needed for amplifier stage activation, to other dividers (combiners) in a chain. The incoming pump power may be provided by the signal transmission fiber or by a pump power transmission fiber. Applications of this lossless divider (combiner) are reviewed, alternative embodiments are proposed and system deployment/upgrade strategies are described.

Abstract: A system and method for the simultaneous transmission of point-to-point and broadcast signals over an optical network are provided. In accordance with this invention, the user terminals of the system are divided into groups of user terminals, each assigned a different waveband. Each user terminal within one group is assigned a different point-to-point code within its corresponding waveband for encoding and decoding point-to-point signals exchanged with the central office. A signal broadcast code is assigned per groups of users and therefore per wavebands, for all of the users of a same group to use. All signals on all wavebands are transmitted through the network, but each user terminal may only access point-to-point signals addressed to himself and a copy of the broadcast signal.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for optical and radio frequency implementation of a fast frequency hopping spread spectrum communication for code division multiple access systems is disclosed. The method avoids the frequency hopping synthesizer requirements in the transmitter as well as in the receiver. In a system where a pool of CDMA users share a channel characterized by a number of F available frequencies (or frequency bands), each user is assigned a subset of M (M less than or equal to F) frequencies from the F available frequencies, selected and ordered in time as prescribed by his own code (or address). In the transmitter, the information bit sequence modulates a broadband source so that the energy assigned to a data bit is concentrated on just a short interval of the bit period which is less than or equal to the so-called chip interval.

Abstract: A method for encoding optical signals using OCDMA is provided. A dense frequency grid Gm is defined from a base frequency grid G0 having a plurality of frequencies evenly spaced by a frequency spacing Bc, merged with a plurality of shifted frequency grids Gs each shifted with respect to the base frequency G0 by a frequency shift df smaller than the frequency spacing Bc. The optical signal are encoded with OCDMA codes each using a plurality of optical pulses each having a frequency selected from the dense frequency grid Gm, the frequencies of the optical pulses of a given OCDMA code being distanced from each other by at least the frequency spacing Bc.

Abstract: Optical sources and transmitters for transmitting data in a spectro-temporally encoded light signal are provided. The optical source includes a pumped gain medium for generating ASE radiation. A wavelength dependent reflector is provided backward of the gain medium for reflecting wavebands adapted for spectro-temporal encoding. In one embodiment, a modulator and an encoder are provided outside of the source for embedding data into the generated signal spectro-temporally encoding this signal. In another embodiment, the wavelength dependent reflector acts as the encoder, and the modulator is provided inside the source.

Abstract: In this invention we present a method and apparatus of simultaneously compensating a divider power-loss and managing the pump's power budget in upgradeable and scalable passive optical network architecture. The apparatus namely called lossless splitter, is passive, bi-directional and allows modular and scalable PON architecture. According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention a mean of dividing (combining) optical signals to (from) a plurality of paths in a lossless fashion is proposed. This divider (combiner) also as the property of distributing the residual optical pump power, needed for amplifier stage activation, to other dividers (combiners) in a chain. The incoming pump power may be provided by the signal transmission fiber or by a pump power transmission fiber. Applications of this lossless divider (combiner) are reviewed, alternative embodiments are proposed and system deployment/upgrade strategies are described.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for optical and radio frequency implementation of a fast frequency hopping spread spectrum communication for code division multiple access systems is disclosed. The method avoids the frequency hopping synthesizer requirements in the transmitter as well as in the receiver. In a system where a pool of CDMA users share a channel characterized by a number of F available frequencies (or frequency bands), each user is assigned a subset of M (M less than or equal to F) frequencies from the F available frequencies, selected and ordered in time as prescribed by his own code (or address). In the transmitter, the information bit sequence modulates a broadband source so that the energy assigned to a data bit is concentrated on just a short interval of the bit period which is less than or equal to the so-called chip interval.