Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a method of screening for a substance useful for transdifferentiation of microglia into neurons, a method of producing neurons, and a method of treating a neurologic disorder.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a method of screening for a substance useful for transdifferentiation of microglia into neurons, a method of producing neurons, and a method of treating a neurologic disorder.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound exhibiting an excellent suppressing effect to cell injury caused by radicals and neurotoxicity induced by excitatory nuerotransmitters such as glutamate. Specifically, it provides a compound represented by the following formula, a salt thereof or a hydrate of them. Wherein Z represents a bivalent organic group and the like of from 2 to 3 carbon atom(s) which may have a substituent; and R3 represents a carboxyl group and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound exhibiting an excellent suppressing effect to cell injury caused by radicals and neurotoxicity induced by excitatory nuerotransmitters such as glutamate. Specifically, it provides a compound represented by the following formula, a salt thereof or a hydrate of them.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound having an excellent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect. That is, it provides a 4-substituted piperidine compound fluoride represented by the following formula, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or hydrates thereof (provided that 1-benzyl-4-[(5,6-dimethoxy-2-fluoro-1-indanon)-2-yl]methylpiperidine, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and hydrates thereof are excluded). wherein R1 and R2 represent substituents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound useful as a medicament, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and an agent for preventing, treating and improving various kinds of senile dementia, Alzheimer-type senile dementia, cerebrovascular dementia or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, namely, 1-benzyl-4-[(5,6-dimethoxy-2-fluoro-1-indanone)-2-yl]methylpiperidine represented by the following formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: The cyclic amide derivative is defined by the formula (I) or a salt thereof: R1-(CH2)n-Z in which R1 is a group derived from a cyclic amide compound, substituted or unsubstituted, n is zero or an integer of 1 to 10 and Z is ##STR1## R2 being an aryl, a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, m being an integer of 1 to 6, R3 being hydrogen or a lower alkyl, R4 being an aryl or a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, p being an integer of 1 to 6, provided that the cyclic amide compound is quinazoline-on or quinazoline-dion, R2 and R4 are neither aryl nor substituted aryl. The cyclic amide compound is pharmacologically effective to prevent and treat diseases due to insufficiency of the central choline functions.

Abstract: The cyclic amide derivative is defined by the formula (I) or a salt thereof: R.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2)n-Z in which R.sup.1 is a group derived from a cyclic amide compound, substituted or unsubstituted, n is zero or an integer of 1 to 10 and Z is ##STR1## R.sup.2 being an aryl, a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, m being an integer of 1 to 6, R.sup.3 being hydrogen or a lower alkyl, R.sup.4 being an aryl or a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, p being an integer of 1 to 6, provided that the cyclic amide compound is quinazoline-on or quinazoline-dion, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are neither aryl nor substituted aryl. The cyclic amide compound is pharmacologically effective to prevent and treat diseases due to insufficiency of the central choline functions.

Abstract: A piperdine derivative having the formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof:R.sup.1 --X--A--R.sup.2 (I)wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted pyrazine, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid imide, bicyclo oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid imide and pyromellitimide;X is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, --O(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, --S(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, --SO.sub.1 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, ##STR1## --CH.sub.2 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein n is an integer of 1 through 7 and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or a benzyl, ##STR3## --O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.dbd. or ##STR4## R.sup.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, benzyl, benzyl substituted with hydroxy, methoxy or chlorine, benzoyl, benzyl with a fluorine substituent, pyridyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, pyridylmethyl or ##STR5## wherein Z represents a halogen atom.

Abstract: The cyclic amide derivative is defined by the formula (I) or a salt thereof: R.sup.1 --(CH2)n--Z in which R.sup.1 is a group derived from a cyclic amide compound, substituted or unsubstituted, n is zero or an integer of 1 to 10 and Z is ##STR1## R.sup.2 being an aryl, a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, m being an integer of 1 to 6, R.sup.3 being hydrogen or a lower alkyl, R.sup.4 being an aryl or a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, p being an integer of 1 to 6, provided that the cyclic amide compound is quinazoline-on or quinazoline-dion, R2 and R4 are neither aryl nor substituted aryl. The cyclic amide compound is pharmacologically effective to prevent and treat diseases due to insufficiency of the central choline functions.

Abstract: A cyclic amine is defined by the formula: ##STR1## in which A is naphthyl, phenyl, quinolyl or alkyl, X is a group containing carbonyl, n is 2 or 3 and B is alkyl, halogen, phenyl or --YZ, Y being --0--, --CO-- or --NH--, Z being phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl. It is useful to treat a mental symptoms associated with a cerebrovascular disease.

Abstract: The cyclic amide derivative is defined by the formula (I) or a salt thereof:R.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Zin whichR.sup.1 is a group derived from a cyclic amide compound, substituted or unsubstituted, n is zero or an integer of 1 to 10 and Z is ##STR1## R.sup.2 being an aryl, a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, m being an integer of 1 to 6, R.sup.3 being hydrogen or a lower alkyl, R.sup.4 being an aryl or a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, p being an integer of 1 to 6, provided that the cyclic amide compound is quinazoline-on or quinazoline-dion, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are neither aryl nor substituted aryl. The cyclic amide compound is pharmacologically effective to prevent and treat diseases due to insufficiency of the central choline functions.

Abstract: The cyclic amide derivative is defined by the formula (I) or a salt thereof:R.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Zin which R.sup.1 is a group derived from a cyclic amide compound, substituted or unsubstituted, n is zero or an integer of 1 to 10 and Z is ##STR1## R.sup.2 being an aryl, a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, m being an integer of 1 to 6, R.sup.3 being hydrogen or a lower alkyl, R.sup.4 being an aryl or a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, p being an integer of 1 to 6, provided that the cyclic amide compound is quinazoline-on or quinazoline-dion, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are neither aryl nor substituted aryl. The cyclic amide compound is pharmacologically effective to prevent and treat diseases due to insufficiency of the central choline functions.

Abstract: A novel piperidine derivative is defined by the formula (I), including a salt thereof, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes anthraquinone, X denotes a group of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --O(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --S(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --SO.sub.2 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula ##STR2## a group of the formula ##STR3## a group of the formula ##STR4## a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula ##STR5## (in all the above formulas, n is an integer of 1 through 7 and R.sup.3 represents a lower alkyl group or a benzyl group), a group of the formula ##STR6## a group of the formula ##STR7## a group of the formula --O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.

Abstract: A novel piperidine derivative is defined by the formula (I), including a salt thereof, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes a univalent group derived from substituted or unsubstituted quinazolinedione,X denotes a group of the formula ##STR2## n is an integer of 1 through 7, the ring A denotes a group of the formula ##STR3## a group of the formula ##STR4## or a group of the formula ##STR5## and R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a substituted benzoyl group, a pyridyl group, a 2-hydroxyethyl group, a pyridylmethyl group, or a group of the formula ##STR6## wherein Z represents a halogen atom). The novel compounds of this invention are used for treating dementias and sequelae of cerebrovascular diseases.

Abstract: The cyclic amide derivative is defined by the formula (I) or a salt thereof: R1--(CH2)n-z in which R1 is a group derived from a cyclic amide compound, substituted or unsubstituted, n is zero or an integer of 1 to 10 and Z is ##STR1## R2 being an aryl, a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, m being an integer of 1 to 6, R3 being hydrogen or a lower alkyl, R4 being an aryl or a substituted aryl, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic group, p being an integer of 1 to 6, provided that the cyclic amide compound is quinazoline-on or quinazoline-dion, R2 and R4 are neither aryl nor substituted aryl. The cyclic amide compound is pharmacologically effective to prevent and treat diseases due to insufficiency of the central choline functions.

Abstract: A cyclic amine is defined by the formula: ##STR1## in which A is naphthyl, phenyl, quinolyl or alkyl, X is a group containing carbonyl, n is 2 or 3 and B is alkyl, halogen, phenyl or --YZ, Y being --O--, --CO-- or --NH--, Z being phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl. It is useful to treat mental symptoms associated with a cerebrovascular disease.

Abstract: A novel piperidine derivative is defined by the formula (I), including a slt thereof, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes a univalent group derived from one selected among substituted or unsubstituted benzene, pyridine, pyrazine, indole, anthraquinone, quinoline, substituted or unsubstituted phthalimide, homophthalimide, pyridinecarboxylic acid imide, pyridine N-oxide, pyrazinedicarboxylic acid imide, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid imide, substituted or unsubstituted quinazolinedione, 1,8-naphthalimide, bicyclo [2.2.2] oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid imide and pyromerylimide,X denotes a group of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --O(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --S(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --SO.sub.2 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula ##STR2## a group of the formula ##STR3## a group of the formula ##STR4## a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: A cyclic amine compound is defined by the formula: ##STR1## in which J is indanyl, indanonyl, indenyl, indenonyl, indanedionyl, tetralonyl, benzosuberonyl, indanolyl or a divalent group thereof, K is phenyl, an arylalkyl or cynnamyl, B is --(CHR22) r--, R22 being H or methyl, --CO-- (CHR22)r--, .dbd.(CH--CH.dbd.CH)b--, .dbd.CH--(CH2)c-- or .dbd.(CH--CH)d.dbd. and the ring including T and Q is piperidine. The compound is useful to treat senile dementia.

Abstract: A novel piperidine derivative is defined by the formula (I), including a salt thereof, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes a univalent group derived from one selected among substituted or unsubstituted benzene, pyridine, pyrazine, indole, anthraquinone, quinoline, substituted or unsubstituted phthalimide, homophthalimide, pyridinecarboxylic acid imide, pyridine N-oxide, pyrazinedicarboxylic acid imide, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid imide, substituted or unsubstituted quinazolinedione, 1,8-naphthalimide, bicyclo [2.2.2] oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid imide and pyromerylimide,X denotes a group of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --O(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --S(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula --SO.sub.2 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, a group of the formula ##STR2## a group of the formula ##STR3## a group of the formula ##STR4## a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.