Abstract: A traffic control method and apparatus with an autonomous vehicle based on adaptive reward. A traffic control apparatus for an autonomous vehicle based on adaptive reward comprises an information observation unit that collects observation information from a sensing module of an autonomous vehicle or a roadside unit (RSU); a policy execution unit that decides on an action including adjusting acceleration and changing lanes of the autonomous vehicle based on the observation information and policy; and a reward determination unit that determines reward according to observation information at a next timestep according to the decision made, wherein reward in the reward determination unit includes penalty in an event of an accident and reward when driving, wherein the reward when driving includes an adaptive target speed reward term, a successful lane change reward term, and a safety distance compliance reward term that are adaptively determined according to road traffic.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for augmenting knowledge using federated learning information. An apparatus for augmenting knowledge using federated learning information comprises a transceiver unit that receives local information including a global parameter of a local model, a local latent vector, and a local loss value from each of a plurality of individual devices, a data storage unit that stores the local information, a federated learning execution unit that collects a global parameter of the local model and generates a federated global parameter for a global model, and a large model learning unit that generates a true label approximate value for learning a large model using the local information and the federated global parameter, and learns the large model using a prediction result obtained by inputting the local latent vector into the large model and the true label approximate value.

Abstract: An offline reinforcement learning-based foresighted decision-making apparatus and method for interaction between multiple agents.

Abstract: A method for controlling a vehicle including a steering-by-wire (SBW) system includes determining whether an abnormality has occurred in the SBW system; in response to determining an abnormality has occurred at the SBW system, operating a rear wheel steering system; applying a braking force to a first front wheel and a second front wheel disposed on a front side of the vehicle and applying a driving force to a first rear wheel and a second rear wheel disposed on the rear side of the vehicle; and in response to determining a turning radius of the vehicle by the rear wheel steering system does not satisfy a required turning radius input to a steering wheel, applying an additional braking force to the first front wheel and the second front wheel.

Abstract: A control method for a vehicle for steering based on a steering-by-wire (SBW) system, the control method for a vehicle comprising: calculating a maximum limit steering value of a steering wheel when an abnormality occurs in the SBW system; calculating a correction coefficient for the maximum limit steering value on the basis of a speed of the vehicle and a road surface condition; generating endpoint reaction force feeling for the steering wheel; determining whether a required steering value input to the steering wheel exceeds the maximum limit steering value; and transmitting a warning sound and applying a reaction force to the steering wheel when a determination is made that the required steering value exceeds the maximum limit steering value.

Abstract: An ion beam etching apparatus comprising a plasma chamber, a plasma source disposed on top of the plasma chamber and configured to generate plasma, a process chamber defining a treating area where a substrate is treated, a grid structure disposed between the process chamber and the plasma chamber, wherein the grid structure receives the plasma, and supplies ions or radicals toward the substrate, a discharge line connected to the grid structure, and a first pumping system connected to the discharge line, wherein particles or polymers within the grid structure are discharged through the discharge line.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling a steel sheet includes: an apparatus body provided spaced apart from a steel sheet in the conveying path of the steel sheet; and a cooling unit provided in the apparatus body to supply a cooling fluid. The apparatus body includes: a first edge body that faces a first edge portion extending a certain distance from one side end of the steel sheet toward the center of the steel sheet; and a second edge body that faces a second edge portion extending a certain distance from the other side end of the steel sheet toward the center of the steel sheet. The first and second edge bodies may have stepped cross-sections in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the steel sheet.

Abstract: A roof airbag for a vehicle is proposed. The roof airbag for a vehicle has an airbag cushion configured to be unfolded downward from an inner roof to protect a passenger seated on a seat, and the airbag cushion has a shape bent toward the passenger by a main tether and a sub-tether, thus securing a restraining force for the passenger and safely protecting the passenger from an impact, and the airbag cushion is unfolded downward while avoiding insertion between a roof-side portion of the roof and a headlining by the sub-tether. Specifically, the airbag cushion is prevented from being transversally contracted and an unfolding shape of the airbag cushion is maintained. Furthermore, the fluidity of a gas flow in the airbag cushion is secured, so that the airbag cushion is rapidly unfolded.

Abstract: Provided is a method of personalized federated learning performed by an electronic device. The method is performed by an electronic device including one or more processors, a communication circuit which communicates with an external device, and one or more memories storing at least one instruction executed by the one or more processors. The method may include, by the one or more processors, training a local model using local data, in which the local model as an artificial neural network model includes a first parameter set corresponding to a global parameter set and a second parameter set corresponding to a local parameter set, transmitting the first parameter set to the external device, receiving a 1-1st parameter set for renewing the first parameter set from the external device, changing the first parameter set included in the local model to the 1-1st parameter set, and training the local model including the 1-1st parameter set.

Abstract: Provided is a method and an apparatus for determining a vehicle behavior, and more specifically, to a method and an apparatus for determining a vehicle behavior for bottleneck congestion control in a bottleneck section. Tn apparatus for determining a vehicle behavior may include an information collection unit collecting surrounding information of a target driving vehicle from a road side unit (RSU), a vehicle observation unit obtaining observation information based on the target driving vehicle from a sensing module mounted on the target driving vehicle, a reward determination unit determining a reward for the target driving vehicle through a reward function which uses the surrounding information and the observation information, a model training unit updating and training a decision making model through the reward, and a behavior determination unit determining a behavior of the target driving vehicle by inputting the observation information into the decision making model.

Abstract: Provided is an anomaly detection method performed by an electronic device. The method performed by an electronic device including one or more processors, a communication circuit which communicates with an external device, and one or more memories storing at least one instruction executed by the one or more processors may include: by the one or more processors, receiving target data for discriminating whether an anomaly occurs, in which the target data includes a value for each of a plurality of features; inputting a value for at least one important feature among the plurality of features into an anomaly detection model, in which the at least one important feature is determined by important feature information received from the external device; and determining whether the target data is abnormal based on an output of the anomaly detection model.

Abstract: A side air bag apparatus for a vehicle. The side air bag apparatus includes: a first cushion configured to cover and protect an upper body area of a passenger who has adopted a relax mode while tilting rearward a seatback; a second cushion configured to cover and protect a head area; and a valve member configured to open and close a vent hole connecting the first cushion to the second cushion. Accordingly, both the upper body area and the head area of the passenger in the relax mode are efficiently and sufficiently protected.

Abstract: Provided is a method for etching an atomic layer. The method for etching the atomic layer includes providing a substrate to a process chamber, wherein the process chamber comprises a first chamber part and a second chamber part, and the substrate is provided in the second chamber part, generating adsorption gas plasma in the first chamber part, adsorbing radicals of the adsorption gas plasma to the substrate so as to form a treatment layer, generating etching gas plasma in the first chamber part, and allowing electrons and ions of the etching gas plasma to be alternately incident into the treatment layer so as to perform desorption of the treatment layer.

Abstract: Steering devices and methods for a vehicle are provided, where the method includes monitoring failure of an electric steering system, calculating a target yaw rate value and a target velocity value of the vehicle based on a signals received from one or more sensors, in response to detecting the failure in the electric steering system, detecting a wheel angle of a front wheel portion, performing backup steering based on generating slip in the vehicle to move the vehicle in a direction corresponding to an intended direction, and controlling a velocity of the vehicle to drive the vehicle based on an intended velocity, wherein the performing of the backup steering includes calculating a braking torque for each of the front wheel portion and a rear wheel portion based on the velocity and an steering angle, and distributing the braking torque to the front wheel portion and the rear wheel portion.

Abstract: A roof airbag for a vehicle is proposed. The roof airbag for a vehicle has an airbag cushion configured to be unfolded downward from an inner roof to protect a passenger seated on a seat, and the airbag cushion has a shape bent toward the passenger by a main tether and a sub-tether, thus securing a restraining force for the passenger and safely protecting the passenger from an impact, and the airbag cushion is unfolded downward while avoiding insertion between a roof-side portion of the roof and a headlining by the sub-tether. Specifically, the airbag cushion is prevented from being transversally contracted and an unfolding shape of the airbag cushion is maintained. Furthermore, the fluidity of a gas flow in the airbag cushion is secured, so that the airbag cushion is rapidly unfolded.

Abstract: An airbag device of a vehicle and a control method thereof. The airbag device of a vehicle includes a detection unit configured to detect collision information of a vehicle and seating state information of an occupant, an airbag unit including a plurality of airbag modules, each of the airbag modules being configured to be inflated from a contracted state as working gas is supplied and to be restored to the contracted state as the working gas is discharged, a valve unit configured to regulate the working gas supplied to the airbag unit, and a control unit configured to determine a hitting position based on the collision information and the seating state information, and to control the valve unit to supply the working gas to a target airbag module installed at the hitting position, thereby inflating the target airbag module.

Abstract: A roof airbag for a vehicle is proposed. The roof airbag for a vehicle has an airbag cushion configured to be unfolded downward from an inner roof to protect a passenger seated on a seat, and the airbag cushion has a shape bent toward the passenger by a main tether and a sub-tether, thus securing a restraining force for the passenger and safely protecting the passenger from an impact, and the airbag cushion is unfolded downward while avoiding insertion between a roof-side portion of the roof and a headlining by the sub-tether. Specifically, the airbag cushion is prevented from being transversally contracted and an unfolding shape of the airbag cushion is maintained. Furthermore, the fluidity of a gas flow in the airbag cushion is secured, so that the airbag cushion is rapidly unfolded.

Abstract: Provided herein are in situ methods for fabricating a mixed-matrix membrane or a mixed-matrix hollow fiber membrane for increasing formation of zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoparticles inside the mixed-matrix membrane. Generally, in the method a polyimide polymer coated onto at least one support is hydrolzed with a base and the poly(amic acid)-salt film formed thereby undergoes ion exchange with a metal ion, treatment of the formed poly(amic acid)-metal salt film with an organic linker to produce metal-organic framework nanoparticles in situ, and imidization of the treated poly(amic acid)-metal salt film produces a polyimide/metal-organic framework mixed-matrix membrane or a mixed-matrix hollow fiber membrane module. Also provided is the mixed-matrix membrane and the polymer mixed-matrix hollow fiber membrane module fabricated by the methods and methods for separating a binary gas mixture via the fabricated mixed-matrix membrane.

Abstract: A vehicle airbag system is proposed. The vehicle airbag system includes: a front airbag mounted to a portion of a vehicle in front of a passenger and configured to be unfolded toward a front of the passenger; an upper airbag mounted to a portion of the vehicle above the passenger and configured to be unfolded toward the front of the passenger; a seat detector configured to detect a seating posture of the passenger; and a controller configured to control unfolding of the front airbag or the upper airbag on the basis of the passenger's seating posture detected by the seat detector.

Abstract: A roof air bag apparatus for a vehicle includes a roof air bag cushion protecting a passenger, and the roof air bag cushion can be separated into a front air bag cushion and a rear air bag cushion. In particular, the front air bag cushion and the rear air bag cushion are unfolded into a space between a front passenger and a rear passenger in a face-to-face mode at the time of occurrence of a car accident, such that the unfolded front air bag cushion protects the front passenger by absorbing an impact force, and the unfolded rear air bag cushion protects the rear passenger by absorbing an impact force.