Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating a bone disease, obesity or an obesity-mediated metabolic disease, cancer, or cancer metastasis, and a method of screening a drug for treating the diseases, which includes an inhibitor of transmembrane 4 L six family member 19 (TM4SF19) expression or activity.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating a substrate are provided. The apparatus includes at least one first process chamber configured to supply a developer onto the substrate; at least one second process chamber configured to treat the substrate using a supercritical fluid; a transfer chamber configured to transfer the substrate from the at least one first process chamber to the at least one second process chamber, while the developer supplied in the at least one first process chamber remains on the substrate; and a temperature and humidity control system configured to manage temperature and humidity of the transfer chamber by supplying a first gas of constant temperature and humidity into the transfer chamber.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having vertical alignment films formed on pixel electrodes of a thin film transistor substrate and a common electrode of a common electrode substrate, and horizontal alignment films formed in a shape of plural belts on the vertical alignment films. The horizontal alignment film of the thin film transistor substrate and the horizontal alignment film of the common electrode substrate are substantially perpendicular to each other. Accordingly, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the two substrates includes a splay area, a homeotropic area, and hybrid area, wherein the hybrid area is disposed around the splay area and the homeotropic area. Since the hybrid area serves as an alignment transition seed, the liquid crystal molecules of the splay area can be easily changed to have a band alignment. Therefore, it is possible to decrease an alignment transition voltage and to enhance an alignment transition speed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display array board includes a plurality of gate wiring lines formed on a substrate and a plurality of data wiring lines crossing the plurality of gate wiring lines, a plurality of thin film transistors formed in areas defined by crossings of the gate wiring lines and the data wiring lines, a plurality of storage capacitor first electrodes that run parallel to the gate wiring lines and patterned to have concavo-convex patterns, a plurality of storage capacitor second electrodes integrated with the drain electrodes of the thin film transistors and formed on the storage capacitor first electrodes, and a plurality of pixel electrodes electrically connected to the drain electrodes.

Abstract: A dual type flat panel display device including a first flat panel display device panel; and a second flat panel display device panel; wherein the first and second flat panel display device panels each include a pixel area including a plurality of scan lines arranged in a first direction, a plurality of data lines arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and pixel electrodes disposed in an area formed by the plurality of data lines and the plurality of scan lines crossing the data lines; and a non-pixel area including a plurality of on/off switching devices at inputs of the scan lines or the data lines, wherein the switching devices are respectively connected to the plurality of scan lines or the plurality of data lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes a first substrate having an array of wiring lines and pixel regions. The pixel regions have pixel electrodes, thin film transistors with drain electrodes, and storage capacitors. The LCD also includes a second substrate having color filters, black matrices, opened regions to receive external light positioned in regions in which the black matrices are not positioned, and transparent common electrodes. Liquid crystal is between the first and second substrates. The opened regions correspond to first regions in which the drain electrodes and the pixel electrodes are connected and second regions in which the storage capacitors are positioned. In one embodiment, the liquid is driven in a normally white mode when the LCD is driven in a transmissive mode, and is driven in a normally black mode when the LCD is driven in a reflective mode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of a field sequential driving mode is capable of improving flicker and obtaining a good contrast by driving at a certain driving frequency. The liquid crystal display device divides one frame into at least three sub-frames and displays R, G, B images for each sub-frame, and the one frame is driven at a driving frequency satisfying at least one of two conditions that flicker is less than 45% and that a contrast ratio is at least 100. The driving frequency driving the one frame ranges from 80 to 110 Hz. The driving frequency satisfying the condition that the flicker is less than 45% is more than 80 Hz. The driving frequency satisfying the condition that the contrast ratio is at least 100 is less than 110 Hz.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having suppression of horizontal crosstalk. A liquid crystal display includes a lower substrate and a plurality of data lines arranged on the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display also includes an upper substrate positioned above the lower substrate and has an opposite surface facing the lower substrate. Stripe shaped common electrodes spaced apart from each other by a plurality of regions are formed on the opposite surface of the upper substrate. Each of the plurality of regions corresponds to one of the data lines of the lower substrate.

Abstract: A method of stably driving a liquid crystal display apparatus and a liquid crystal display apparatus, the apparatus including a liquid crystal display panel having data electrode lines allocated for three colors and scan electrode lines crossing the data electrode lines and a lighting device installed in the back of the liquid crystal display panel to sequentially generate back lights having different colors, so that a unit driving period is divided into first, second, and third color driving periods. The liquid crystal display apparatus sequentially applies a single scan pulse to the scan electrode lines during a two-color driving period, in which the two color driving periods among the three color driving periods are combined, and activate two colors while the single scan pulse is applied to the scan electrode lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display array board includes a plurality of gate wiring lines formed on a substrate and a plurality of data wiring lines crossing the plurality of gate wiring lines, a plurality of thin film transistors formed in areas defined by crossings of the gate wiring lines and the data wiring lines, a plurality of storage capacitor first electrodes that run parallel to the gate wiring lines and patterned to have concavo-convex patterns, a plurality of storage capacitor second electrodes integrated with the drain electrodes of the thin film transistors and formed on the storage capacitor first electrodes, and a plurality of pixel electrodes electrically connected to the drain electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having vertical alignment films formed on pixel electrodes of a thin film transistor substrate and a common electrode of a common electrode substrate, and horizontal alignment films formed in a shape of plural belts on the vertical alignment films. The horizontal alignment film of the thin film transistor substrate and the horizontal alignment film of the common electrode substrate are substantially perpendicular to each other. Accordingly, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the two substrates includes a splay area, a homeotropic area, and hybrid area, wherein the hybrid area is disposed around the splay area and the homeotropic area. Since the hybrid area serves as an alignment transition seed, the liquid crystal molecules of the splay area can be easily changed to have a band alignment. Therefore, it is possible to decrease an alignment transition voltage and to enhance an alignment transition speed.

Abstract: A dual type flat panel display device including a first flat panel display device panel; and a second flat panel display device panel; wherein the first and second flat panel display device panels each include a pixel area including a plurality of scan lines arranged in a first direction, a plurality of data lines arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and pixel electrodes disposed in an area formed by the plurality of data lines and the plurality of scan lines crossing the data lines; and a non-pixel area including a plurality of on/off switching devices at inputs of the scan lines or the data lines, wherein the switching devices are respectively connected to the plurality of scan lines or the plurality of data lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having suppression of horizontal crosstalk. A liquid crystal display includes a lower substrate and a plurality of data lines arranged on the lower substrate. The liquid crystal display also includes an upper substrate positioned above the lower substrate and has an opposite surface facing the lower substrate. Stripe shaped common electrodes spaced apart from each other by a plurality of regions are formed on the opposite surface of the upper substrate. Each of the plurality of regions corresponds to one of the data lines of the lower substrate.

Abstract: A method of driving a liquid crystal display device of a field sequential driving mode capable of realizing full color and obtaining a good contrast by optimizing the number of driving bits divides one frame into at least three sub-frames and displays first, second, and third color images for each sub-frame. One frame is driven with the number of driving bits satisfying at least one of two conditions satisfying conditions that at least one number of gray scales are realized for the liquid crystal display device and that the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device is at least another number. The optimal number of bits for driving one frame is in a predetermined range. The number of bits satisfying 16 gray scales for each of Red, Green, and Blue colors of the liquid crystal display device is at least 8, and the number of bits satisfying the condition that the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device is at least 100 is less than 16.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of a field sequential driving mode is capable of improving flicker and obtaining a good contrast by driving at a certain driving frequency. The liquid crystal display device divides one frame into at least three sub-frames and displays R, G, B images for each sub-frame, and the one frame is driven at a driving frequency satisfying at least one of two conditions that flicker is less than 45% and that a contrast ratio is at least 100. The driving frequency driving the one frame ranges from 80 to 110 Hz. The driving frequency satisfying the condition that the flicker is less than 45% is more than 80 Hz. The driving frequency satisfying the condition that the contrast ratio is at least 100 is less than 110 Hz.

Abstract: A method of stably driving a liquid crystal display apparatus and a liquid crystal display apparatus, the apparatus including a liquid crystal display panel having data electrode lines allocated for three colors and scan electrode lines crossing the data electrode lines and a lighting device installed in the back of the liquid crystal display panel to sequentially generate back lights having different colors, so that a unit driving period is divided into first, second, and third color driving periods. The liquid crystal display apparatus sequentially applies a single scan pulse to the scan electrode lines during a two-color driving period, in which the two color driving periods among the three color driving periods are combined, and activate two colors while the single scan pulse is applied to the scan electrode lines.