Abstract: The present disclosure relates to gut microbes resistant against infectious diseases and uses thereof. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to microbes resistant against infectious diseases, which provide a preventive or therapeutic effect on infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms and relates to uses of the gut microbes. The gut microbes resistant are characterized in that they are selected from the group consisting of Oribacterium species JBO3-101 (accession number KACC 81250BP) and Ruminococcus species JBR5-501 (accession number KACC 81249BP). The gut microbes according to the present disclosure have the effect of rendering the host resistant to infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms when the microbes are ingested.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a protein binding agent, or an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, which binds to a programmed death-1 (PD-1) protein. The present disclosure further provides a polynucleotide sequence encoding the protein binding agent, the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof, a vector comprising the polynucleotide sequence, or a host cell comprising the vector. Also, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition or a kit, which comprises the protein binding agent, the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof.

Abstract: A method of conducting a hearing test, and a device to perform the method, the method including configuring multiple test sound sets including multiple sound sources at each included audio frequency, wherein the sound sources, when sequentially arranged according to volume, have a uniform volume difference and a same frequency band, the uniform volume difference indicating a volume difference between neighboring sound sources, outputting the sound sources included in one of the multiple test sound sets, and determining and outputting a following test sound set according to a subject's input sound sources' number one or more times, and determining an auditory threshold of the subject regarding the audio frequency of the output test sound sets based on a result of the subject's input.