Abstract: An optical path control member according to an embodiment comprises: a first substrate; a first electrode provided on the upper portion of the first substrate; a second substrate provided on the first substrate; a second electrode provided on the lower portion of the second substrate; and an optical conversion unit provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the optical conversion unit comprises partition wall parts and accommodation parts which are alternately arranged. The accommodation parts have a light transmission rate that varies according to the application of a voltage, and the accommodation parts comprise a plurality of unit accommodation cells spaced apart from each other, and comprises a dispersion and light-absorbing particles which are dispersed in the dispersion.

Abstract: An optical path control member according to an embodiment comprises: a first substrate; a first electrode arranged on the upper surface of the first substrate; a second substrate arranged on top of the first substrate; a second electrode arranged on the lower surface of the second substrate; and an optical conversion unit which is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and which defines a first direction and a second direction, wherein the optical conversion unit comprises a partition part and an accommodation part that are alternately arranged in the first direction, the accommodation part includes a plurality of cells arranged to be spaced in the second direction, at least one of the cells includes a first inner side surface and a second inner side surface that are connected to each other, and the first inner side surface and/or the second inner side surface extends in a direction other than the first and second directions.

Abstract: Provided is a method of resource management and call admission control in an access network in a hierarchical manner.

Abstract: A method of allowing a network communication service user (subscriber) to receive a desired network communication service with a constant (the same) quality regardless of being in a wired or wireless communication environment based on a single service level agreement (SLA) of the subscriber is provided.

Abstract: A method for controlling call under use of ATM transfer capabilities call gap during the overload of an ATM switching network. The method comprises the steps of accepting a high priority call need first by means of call priority in a given time gap; and accepting the call in an order of DBR, SBR, ABR (ABT), and UBR service, in case that the call priority is the same, or in case that there is no call priority.

Abstract: An improved rare probability connection call registration method using an incomplete call causation message for an asynchronous transfer mode switching system, which includes the steps of receiving a candidate code from an operator and classifying a normal call and an abnormal call with respect to each call when a call cause message is received, increasing the number of completed calls when the received call is normally completed, and judging whether an incomplete call occurred due to the lack of a switching resource or the busy state of the subscriber at a destination in the case of the abnormal call, terminating the call when the cause of the abnormal call is due to another cause except for the lack of the switching resource, or the on-busy of the subscriber, increasing the number of the incomplete calls when the call is incompletely terminated due to the lack of the switching resource or the on-busy of the subscriber, and checking the call completion ratio, and terminating the call when the call completion