Abstract: An ion beam etching apparatus comprising a plasma chamber, a plasma source disposed on top of the plasma chamber and configured to generate plasma, a process chamber defining a treating area where a substrate is treated, a grid structure disposed between the process chamber and the plasma chamber, wherein the grid structure receives the plasma, and supplies ions or radicals toward the substrate, a discharge line connected to the grid structure, and a first pumping system connected to the discharge line, wherein particles or polymers within the grid structure are discharged through the discharge line.

Abstract: An encapsulating composition and an organic electronic device comprising the same, and the encapsulating composition which is capable of effectively blocking moisture or oxygen penetrating into the organic electronic device from the outside to secure the lifetime of the organic electronic device, implementing a top-emitting organic electronic device, being applied in an inkjet method, and providing a thin display.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system capable of simultaneously performing a thermal test, an electrical test, and a mechanical test in an environment similar to the installation environment of a dynamic cable. The system includes a seawater tank module configured to form a seawater environment for a test cable, a mechanical test module configured to perform mechanical aging of the test cable according to an actuator operation, an electrical test module configured to perform electrical aging of the test cable by applying a voltage to each of opposite ends of the test cable, a thermal test module configured to perform thermal aging by applying a current to a dummy cable formed independently of the test cable, and a control module configured to perform data input, control processing, monitoring, and storage of the seawater tank module, the mechanical test module, the thermal test module, and the electrical test module.

Abstract: There is provided an amplifier module which includes a plurality of input terminals; a plurality of amplifier circuits configured to amplify a plurality of input signals which are input from each of the plurality of input terminals and output a plurality of amplified signals; and at least one speaker which is directly connected to at least one output terminals from among the plurality of amplifier circuits, wherein the amplifier module may output the plurality of amplified signals to the at least one speaker based on a number of the at least one speaker.

Abstract: There is provided an amplifier module which includes a plurality of input terminals; a plurality of amplifier circuits configured to amplify a plurality of input signals which are input from each of the plurality of input terminals and output a plurality of amplified signals; and at least one speaker which is directly connected to at least one output terminals from among the plurality of amplifier circuits, wherein the amplifier module may output the plurality of amplified signals to the at least one speaker based on a number of the at least one speaker.

Abstract: An audio processing apparatus includes a signal receiver to receive a content signal; a first amplifier to output a first amplified signal of an audio signal extracted from the content signal; a second amplifier to output a second amplified signal of the audio signal, which has an inverted phase of the first amplified signal; a loudspeaker to produce a sound corresponding to the audio signal; a switch to perform a switching operation so that at least one of the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal respectively amplified by and output from the first amplifier and the second amplifier can be selectively transmitted to the loudspeaker; and at least one processor configured to control the switching operation of the switch in accordance with a level of output power of the sound.

Abstract: A switching amplifier is provided. The switching amplifier includes an input unit which receives an audio signal; a first switching device and a second switching device which switch and output the audio signal; a first snubber circuit which is commonly connected to the first and second switching devices and which reduces overshoot of the audio signal that is output by the first and second switching devices via switching; and a second snubber circuit which is commonly connected to the first and second switching devices, which is connected in parallel to the first snubber circuit and which reduces the overshoot of the audio signal, wherein the first and second snubber circuits alternately reduce the overshoot of the audio signal.

Abstract: A method of outputting an audio signal includes receiving an audio signal; generating a carrier waves having phases differing from each other; generating modulation signals by comparing the respective carrier waves with the audio signal; amplifying the modulation signals; and outputting the amplified modulation signals.

Abstract: A switching amplifier is provided. The switching amplifier includes an input unit which receives an audio signal; a first switching device and a second switching device which switch and output the audio signal; a first snubber circuit which is commonly connected to the first and second switching devices and which reduces overshoot of the audio signal that is output by the first and second switching devices via switching; and a second snubber circuit which is commonly connected to the first and second switching devices, which is connected in parallel to the first snubber circuit and which reduces the overshoot of the audio signal, wherein the first and second snubber circuits alternately reduce the overshoot of the audio signal.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for reproducing a sound signal are provided. The method includes generating an output sound signal to be transmitted to speakers by transmitting a first input sound signal through a filter; acquiring magnitude information of the output sound signal; determining frequency response parameters related to frequency responses of the filter based on the magnitude information; and adaptively adjusting coefficients of the filter based on the determined frequency response parameters.

Abstract: A method of outputting an audio signal includes receiving an audio signal; generating a carrier waves having phases differing from each other; generating modulation signals by comparing the respective carrier waves with the audio signal; amplifying the modulation signals; and outputting the amplified modulation signals.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for reducing flickers of an encoder capable of advantageously reducing flickers occurred when video signals are converted from a non-interlace scanning method to an interlace scanning method in the digital method, which includes a graphic controller for outputting a pixel signal by a line unit and for outputting a pixel clock, a horizontal synchronous signal and a vertical synchronous signal; a synchronous signal converter for converting a pixel clock, a horizontal synchronous signal and a vertical synchronous signal outputted from the graphic controller to a pixel clock, a horizontal synchronous signal and a vertical synchronous signal of an interlace scanning method; a control signal generator for outputting a control signal by receiving a pixel clock, a horizontal synchronous signal and a vertical synchronous signal of an interlace scanning method outputted from the synchronous signal converter; a line store unit for selecting a pixel data corresponding to nth even scanning line among