Abstract: A light-emitting device and an apparatus including the same include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes m emission units and (m?1) charge generating units, each of the charge generating units being between the emission units that are adjacent to each other, m is a natural number of 2 or greater, at least one of the (m?1) charge generating units includes an n-type charge generating layer, a p-type charge generating layer, and a p-type hole injection layer, wherein the n-type charge generating layer includes an n-type organic compound and a metal material, and wherein the p-type charge generating layer and the p-type hole injection layer each independently include an inorganic semiconductor material.

Abstract: A light-emitting device and an apparatus including the same include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes m emission units and (m-1) charge generating units, each of the charge generating units being between the emission units that are adjacent to each other, m is a natural number of 2 or greater, at least one of the (m-1) charge generating units includes an n-type charge generating layer, a p-type charge generating layer, and a p-type hole injection layer, wherein the n-type charge generating layer includes an n-type organic compound and a metal material, and wherein the p-type charge generating layer and the p-type hole injection layer each independently include an inorganic semiconductor material.

Abstract: A light-emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The light-emitting device may include a first electrode, a second electrode, and an interlayer located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The interlayer may include an emission layer that includes a first material, a second material, and a third material. The first material may include an inorganic semiconductor compound, an inorganic insulator compound, or any combination thereof. The second material may include a lanthanide metal. The third material may include an organic compound. An apparatus including the light-emitting device is provided.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device includes an auxiliary layer located between a first electrode and a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer and including a metal fluoride. The metal of the metal fluoride may be a Group III metal having a high work function of 3.8 eV or more. The hole injection barrier at the interface between the first electrode and the hole injection layer may be adjusted by the fluoride of the high work function metal in the auxiliary layer so that the electron-hole charge balance and the efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may be improved.

Abstract: A light-emitting device and an apparatus including the same include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes m emission units and (m?1) charge generating units, each of the charge generating units being between the emission units that are adjacent to each other, m is a natural number of 2 or greater, at least one of the (m?1) charge generating units includes an n-type charge generating layer, a p-type charge generating layer, and a p-type hole injection layer, wherein the n-type charge generating layer includes an n-type organic compound and a metal material, and wherein the p-type charge generating layer and the p-type hole injection layer each independently include an inorganic semiconductor material.

Abstract: A light-emitting device and an apparatus including the same include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes m emission units and (m?1) charge generating units, each of the charge generating units being between the emission units that are adjacent to each other, m is a natural number of 2 or greater, at least one of the (m?1) charge generating units includes an n-type charge generating layer, a p-type charge generating layer, and a p-type hole injection layer, wherein the n-type charge generating layer includes an n-type organic compound and a metal material, and wherein the p-type charge generating layer and the p-type hole injection layer each independently include an inorganic semiconductor material.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; light-emitting units in the number of n between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a charge-generation unit(s) in the number of n?1 between the adjacent light-emitting units. The light-emitting units each include an emission layer, and at least one of the charge-generation unit(s) includes an n-type charge-generation layer, a p-type charge-generation layer, and an interlayer between the n-type charge-generation layer and the p-type charge-generation layer.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; m emission units between the first electrode and the second electrode; and m?1 charge-generating unit(s) between adjacent ones of the emission units, where m is a natural number of 2 or more. The emission units each include an emission layer. At least one of the charge-generating unit(s) includes an n-type charge-generating layer and a p-type charge-generating layer; and the n-type charge-generating layer includes a first material and a second material. The first material includes an organic electron transport compound; and the second material includes at least one selected from an alkali metal, an alkali metal alloy, an alkaline earth metal, an alkaline earth metal alloy, a lanthanide metal, and a lanthanide metal alloy. The light-emitting device may have improved hole and electron balance, a decreased driving voltage, and excellent efficiency and/or lifespan characteristics.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a first layer, wherein the first electrode has a work function value of about ?5.5 eV to about ?6.1 eV, and the interlayer includes a second layer doped with a non-lead-based perovskite compound.

Abstract: A light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus including the same are provided. The light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; m emission units stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer; and m?1 charge generation layers each between two neighboring emission units from among the m emission units, wherein m is an integer of 2 or more, at least one of the m emission units includes an inorganic mixed layer between the first electrode and the emission layer, and the inorganic mixed layer includes an inorganic insulating material and an inorganic semiconductor material.

Abstract: A light-emitting device and an apparatus including the same include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes m emission units and (m?1) charge generating units, each of the charge generating units being between the emission units that are adjacent to each other, m is a natural number of 2 or greater, at least one of the (m?1) charge generating units includes an n-type charge generating layer, a p-type charge generating layer, and a p-type hole injection layer, wherein the n-type charge generating layer includes an n-type organic compound and a metal material, and wherein the p-type charge generating layer and the p-type hole injection layer each independently include an inorganic semiconductor material.

Abstract: A light-emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The light-emitting device may include a first electrode, a second electrode, and an interlayer located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The interlayer may include an emission layer that includes a first material, a second material, and a third material. The first material may include an inorganic semiconductor compound, an inorganic insulator compound, or any combination thereof. The second material may include a lanthanide metal. The third material may include an organic compound. An apparatus including the light-emitting device is provided.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device includes an auxiliary layer located between a first electrode and a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer and including a metal fluoride. The metal of the metal fluoride may be a Group III metal having a high work function of 3.8 eV or more. The hole injection barrier at the interface between the first electrode and the hole injection layer may be adjusted by the fluoride of the high work function metal in the auxiliary layer so that the electron-hole charge balance and the efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may be improved.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; m emission units between the first electrode and the second electrode; and m?1 charge-generating unit(s) between adjacent ones of the emission units, where m is a natural number of 2 or more. The emission units each include an emission layer. At least one of the charge-generating unit(s) includes an n-type charge-generating layer and a p-type charge-generating layer; and the n-type charge-generating layer includes a first material and a second material. The first material includes an organic electron transport compound; and the second material includes at least one selected from an alkali metal, an alkali metal alloy, an alkaline earth metal, an alkaline earth metal alloy, a lanthanide metal, and a lanthanide metal alloy. The light-emitting device may have improved hole and electron balance, a decreased driving voltage, and excellent efficiency and/or lifespan characteristics.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; light-emitting units in the number of n between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a charge-generation unit(s) in the number of n-1 between the adjacent light-emitting units. The light-emitting units each include an emission layer, and at least one of the charge-generation unit(s) includes an n-type charge-generation layer, a p-type charge-generation layer, and an interlayer between the n-type charge-generation layer and the p-type charge-generation layer.