Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing and modeling natural gas flow in subterranean shale reservoirs. In some embodiments, methodologies and techniques for determining and modeling natural gas flow in shale formations using methodologies and techniques capable of determining natural gas properties related to dual-continuum flow, permeability, and pressure within a subterranean shale reservoir. In some embodiments, the natural gas properties are determined by subjecting a subterranean shale reservoir sample to pulse-decay analysis. In certain embodiments, the methodologies and techniques described may be used in various reservoirs exhibiting macroporosity and microporosity, such as fractured reservoirs and carbonate reservoirs composed of reservoir fluids.

Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) well logs are obtained from a well in the reservoir measures of the total fluid, including both water and hydrocarbon, in the shale of the reservoir. NMR measurement at the surface of shale subsurface samples obtained in the form of drill cuttings or core samples from the same well provide measures of total water content of the shale. At the surface, pressure on the subsurface sample becomes that of atmospheric pressure, and hydrocarbon gas contained in the shale cuttings bleeds off. The remaining fluid within the shale cuttings is then only water, which can be measured using NMR techniques. Compensation for the effect of drilling fluids (drilling mud) on the NMR measures from the fluid cuttings is also performed. The hydrocarbon gas content of the formation shale can be determined from the difference between formation NMR well log readings and NMR measurements from subsurface sample.

Abstract: A semiconductor device manufacturing method is presented. The manufacturing method includes: providing a semiconductor structure, wherein the semiconductor structure comprises a semiconductor substrate, a first doped region in the semiconductor substrate, and a first gate structure on the first doped region; forming a source and a drain in the first doped region on two opposing sides of the first gate structure; and implanting dopants to the source and the drain by an ion implantation process, wherein the implantation direction and an upper surface of the first doped region form an acute angle, the dopants implanted to the source and the drain have the same conductivity type as that of the source and the drain. In this method, the dopants are implanted at an acute angle, they improve the drain current of a transistor, and thus improve the performance of a semiconductor device.

Abstract: Methods and systems method for determining core permeability of a subsurface formation. The method includes connecting an upstream reservoir to one end of a sample holder comprising a core sample of a subsurface formation, connecting a downstream reservoir to another end of the sample holder, providing a constant confining pressure within the sample holder, saturating the sample holder and the core sample with nitrogen at a saturation pressure, applying a pressure pulse to one end of the sample holder, and determining core permeability using the porosity of the mobile continuum when the pressure in the upstream reservoir, the downstream reservoir, and the mobile continuum is in equilibrium.

Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) well logs are obtained from a well in the reservoir measures of the total fluid, including both water and hydrocarbon, in the shale of the reservoir. NMR measurement at the surface of shale subsurface samples obtained in the form of drill cuttings or core samples from the same well provide measures of total water content of the shale. At the surface, pressure on the subsurface sample becomes that of atmospheric pressure, and hydrocarbon gas contained in the shale cuttings bleeds off. The remaining fluid within the shale cuttings is then only water, which can be measured using NMR techniques. Compensation for the effect of drilling fluids (drilling mud) on the NMR measures from the fluid cuttings is also performed. The hydrocarbon gas content of the formation shale can be determined from the difference between formation NMR well log readings and NMR measurements from subsurface sample.

Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) well logs are obtained from a well in the reservoir measures of the total fluid, including both water and hydrocarbon, in the shale of the reservoir. NMR measurement at the surface of shale subsurface samples obtained in the form of drill cuttings or core samples from the same well provide measures of total water content of the shale. At the surface, pressure on the subsurface sample becomes that of atmospheric pressure, and hydrocarbon gas contained in the shale cuttings bleeds off. The remaining fluid within the shale cuttings is then only water, which can be measured using NMR techniques. Compensation for the effect of drilling fluids (drilling mud) on the NMR measures from the fluid cuttings is also performed. The hydrocarbon gas content of the formation shale can be determined from the difference between formation NMR well log readings and NMR measurements from subsurface sample.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a system for a handover to a circuit switched domain are disclosed. In an embodiment, a system includes a mobility management entity (MME) and at least two a mobile switching center (MSCs), wherein the at least two MSCs comprise a first MSC capable of supporting a circuit switched fallback (CSFB) and a single radio voice call continuity (SRVCC) and a second MSC not capable of supporting the SRVCC, and wherein the MME is configured to select the first MSC for a user equipment (UE) from the at least two MSCs in a combined tracking area update procedure of the UE when a location service of a circuit switched (CS) domain triggers an SRVCC procedure for the UE and when the UE has a Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) service in progress.

Abstract: A method of externally sterilizing a drug delivery device utilizing Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is provided, including placing the drug delivery device in a sterilization chamber, introducing into the chamber a dose of NO2 having a concentration of between about 2 and 20 milligrams per Liter by applying a vacuum level of between about 10 and 600 Torr and holding the vacuum level for a dwell time of between about 2 and 20 minutes, repeating the step of introducing into the chamber a dose of NO2 for a number of pulses between about 1 and 24, purging the sterilization chamber of at least substantially all of the NO2, and aerating the sterilization chamber.

Abstract: An injection device is provided, including a syringe having a barrel and a flange and a backstop configured to be coupled with the syringe adjacent to the flange. The backstop includes an inner surface generally extending around at least a portion of the syringe, wherein the inner surface includes at least one protrusion extending away from the inner surface and configured to engage the flange and/or the barrel to permit or promote airflow through a space between the inner surface and the syringe.

Abstract: A heat-resistant magnetic domain refined grain-oriented silicon steel, a single-sided surface or a double-sided surface of which has several parallel grooves which are formed in a grooving manner, each groove extends in the width direction of the heat-resistant magnetic domain refined grain-oriented silicon steel, and the several parallel grooves are uniformly distributed along the rolling direction of the heat-resistant magnetic domain refined grain-oriented silicon steel. Each groove which extends in the width direction of the heat-resistant magnetic domain refined grain-oriented silicon steel is formed by splicing several sub-grooves which extend in the width direction of the heat-resistant magnetic domain refined grain-oriented silicon steel.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for allocating an Internet Protocol (IP) parameter. Deployment of a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server may be determined according to a received DHCP server indication, so as to allocate an IP parameter of user equipment (UE). The DHCP server indication may indicate whether a data packet network gateway (P-GW) serves as the DHCP server, so that specific deployment of the DHCP server may be determined, and the P-GW and a trusted WLAN access gateway (TWAG) are compatible with the UE, ensuring that the UE can receive an IP parameter allocated by the P-GW, and improving accuracy of allocating the IP parameter.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining fracture and matrix permeability of a subsurface formation. The system includes two upstream reservoirs and two downstream reservoirs, and a sample cell connecting to the reservoirs with valves. The sample cell has a confining pressure (CF) from a fluid. A horizontal plug sample with sleeve is placed in a measurement cell with the confining fluid (CF). A pressure gauge is connected to the small upstream reservoir, and a pressure gauge is connected to the small downstream reservoir. The results provide two sets of effective-stress-dependent permeability values (including fracture permeability and matrix permeability, respectively) for characterizing the reservoir properties.

Abstract: Techniques for determining geologic formation permeability include determining particular permeability values from an NMR log permeability data and particular permeability values of the core permeability measurements; determining a selected NMR permeability transform that includes inputs including the determined particular permeability values; minimizing a cost function to optimize the selected NMR permeability transform; calculating new permeability values for the wellbore between the terranean surface and a true vertical depth of the wellbore with the optimized NMR permeability transform; comparing the calculated new permeability values at particular depths between the terranean surface and the true vertical depth that match depths of the core permeability measurements; based on the comparison meeting a particular threshold, generating a user interface that renders one or more graphical representations of the optimized NMR permeability transform and the calculated new permeability values; and transmitting d

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting leakage in a permeability measurement system. The method includes connecting a plurality of flow lines to a first dimension of a core sample, connecting one or more flow lines to a second dimension of the shale sample, placing the core sample with the connections in a measurement cell such that the flow lines are accessible from outside of the measurement cell, connecting one or more gas sensors to one end of each of the flow lines, connecting the outlet of the measurement cell to a gas tank, setting fluid pressure inside the measurement cell to a predetermined value, and detecting a leakage in the core sample by the one or more gas sensors coupled to the flow lines.

Abstract: A method for correcting low permeability laboratory measurements for leaks. A pulse-decay permeability (PDP) experiment is performed on a core sample retrieved from a formation. The PDP experiment includes flowing fluid through the core sample in a sealed enclosure. In response to flowing the fluid through the core sample, a change in fluid pressure is measured over time. Based on the change in fluid pressure over time, a leakage of fluid from the sealed enclosure is determined. In response to determining the leakage of fluid from the sealed enclosure, an analytical model of the leakage is determined based on the change in fluid pressure over time.

Abstract: Methods and systems method for determining core permeability of a subsurface formation. The method includes connecting an upstream reservoir to one end of a sample holder comprising a core sample of a subsurface formation, connecting a downstream reservoir to another end of the sample holder, providing a constant confining pressure within the sample holder, saturating the sample holder and the core sample with nitrogen at a saturation pressure, applying a pressure pulse to one end of the sample holder, and determining core permeability using the porosity of the mobile continuum when the pressure in the upstream reservoir, the downstream reservoir, and the mobile continuum is in equilibrium.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a waterproof case, including a closed space, and a flow guide assembly, an electronic module and a cover, provided in the closed space. The cover includes a cover top plate and a cover side plate which, together with a case bottom plate and a case side plate, form an accommodation space for accommodating the flow guide assembly and the electronic module. Further, the cover includes a first vent hole and a second vent hole. The flow guide assembly is configured to guide air, entering the accommodation space from the first vent hole, to flow through the electronic module and to be discharged from the second vent hole. The flow guide assembly is further configured to guide air, entering the cavity from the first vent hole, to flow through the electronic module and to be discharged from the second vent hole.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting impact of induced micro-fractures in a subsurface formation are disclosed. The method includes determining an unloading effective stress (?ul) in a formation sample taken from a wellbore drilled into the subsurface formation, determining a fracture closure stress (?cl) of the formation sample, determining that the unloading effective stress (?ul) is greater than or equal to the fracture closure stress (?ul), and in response to determining that unloading effective stress (?ul) is greater than or equal to the fracture closure stress (?ul), operating the well system to inhibit impact of micro-fractures in the wellbore.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems for fracturing geological formations in a hydrocarbon reservoir. One method includes forming a borehole in a hydrocarbon reservoir from a surface of the hydrocarbon reservoir extending downward into the hydrocarbon reservoir; transmitting an electromagnetic (EM) wave through the borehole: directing at least a portion of the EM wave to rocks at a location below the surface in the hydrocarbon reservoir; and fracturing the rocks at the location below the surface in the hydrocarbon reservoir by irradiating the rocks around the borehole using at least the portion of the EM wave, wherein irradiating the rocks elevates pore-water pressure in the rocks causing fracturing of the rocks.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems for removing near wellbore damage in a hydrocarbon reservoir. One method includes position an antenna inside a wellbore in a location corresponding to a formation where near wellbore damage occurs; wherein the wellbore extends from a surface of a hydrocarbon reservoir downward into the subterranean structure of the hydrocarbon reservoir; transmitting an electromagnetic (EM) wave to the antenna; and irradiating, from the antenna, at least a portion of the EM wave at the formation, wherein the portion of the EM wave removes the near wellbore damage at the formation.