Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting element includes an optical waveguide having a first and second waveguide provided with a width that allows propagation of light in a second-order mode or higher and a multimode optical interference waveguide provided with a wider width than the first and second waveguide and arranged at a position therebetween. The semiconductor light emitting element further includes a first optical loss layer facing the first waveguide in an active-layer crossing direction for causing a loss of light that is propagating in the first waveguide in the second-order mode or higher and a second optical loss layer facing the second waveguide in an active-layer crossing direction for causing a loss of light that is propagating in the second waveguide in the second-order mode or higher, the active-layer crossing direction being orthogonal to a surface of an active layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting element includes an optical waveguide having a first and second waveguide provided with a width that allows propagation of light in a second-order mode or higher and a multimode optical interference waveguide provided with a wider width than the first and second waveguide and arranged at a position therebetween. The semiconductor light emitting element further includes a first optical loss layer facing the first waveguide in an active-layer crossing direction for causing a loss of light that is propagating in the first waveguide in the second-order mode or higher and a second optical loss layer facing the second waveguide in an active-layer crossing direction for causing a loss of light that is propagating in the second waveguide in the second-order mode or higher, the active-layer crossing direction being orthogonal to a surface of an active layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to controlled porous osmotic pump tablets of high permeable drugs and the preparation process thereof. The controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets do not need to be drilled by laser, but provides controlled porosity for drug release by adding a suitable quantity of pore-forming agents into the semipermeable membrane. In specific embodiments, the present invention relates to controlled porous osmotic pump tablets comprising venlafaxine or metoprolol or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: An osmotic pump in form of controlled release tablet and the preparation thereof are disclosed Said tablet includes a double-layer tablet core consisted of a drug layer (1) and a push layer (2), a controlled release layer (4) outside the core, an orifice (5) in the controlled release layer (4) and a lubricant layer(3) between the core and the controlled release layer (4). The material of lubricant layer (3) is selected from high-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose or low viscosity hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. Said method comprises the steps of preparing the double-layer core, coating the core with the lubricant layer (3), coating the controlled release layer (4) outside the lubricant layer (3), then, opening an orifice (5) in the controlled release layer (4) adjacent to the drug layer (1), and obtaining the desired tablets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to controlled porous osmotic pump tablets of high permeable drugs and the preparation process thereof. The controlled porosity osmotic pump tablets do not need to be drilled by laser, but provides controlled porosity for drug release by adding a suitable quantity of pore-forming agents into the semipermeable membrane. In specific embodiments, the present invention relates to controlled porous osmotic pump tablets comprising venlafaxine or metoprolol or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.