Abstract: Methods and systems for handing off a wireless client between access points wherein the scanning for access points in decoupled from the handing off, thus reducing the delay in the handing off.

Abstract: Multi-interface devices with at least a high-power network interface and a low-power network interface may form into power management clusters. Power management clusters may be maintained over low-power networks associated with the low-power network interfaces. One or some relative few of the cluster participants may be designated lead devices. Designated lead devices participate in high-power networks as well as a low-power network of their power management cluster. Designated lead devices may monitor associated high-power networks for messages addressed to any participant in their power management cluster, and may notify a participant of the incoming message. In response, the participant may establish a high-power network connection to receive the message. In this way, each participant in the power management cluster receives a service quality benefit of a continuous high-power network connection, but only a relative few participants suffer the associated power expenditure at any given moment.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the fairness and performance in a multihop ad hoc network, the method usually including providing contention synchronization information regarding a transmission between nodes of the network, wherein the information is routinely provided to nodes in a range of two hops from the nodes participating at the transmission. The method also typically includes setting, after successfully finishing the transmission, a waiting time for the nodes participating at the transmission, in which these nodes backoff from accessing a transmission medium.

Abstract: Dynamic channel assignment and connectivity maintenance in wireless networks may involve switching channels while maintaining connectivity in wireless ad hoc networks. In a described implementation, a wireless network may be separated into two or more respective virtual wireless networks with respective wireless node subsets operating on respective channels. Connectivity may nevertheless be maintained when a wireless node on one channel is to send a communication to another wireless node on another wireless channel. In another described implementation, monitored network information may be shared among wireless nodes by broadcast.

Abstract: In a described implementation, a channel cost metric (CCM) is determined in a wireless network environment. The CCM may be determined responsive to an expected transmission time (ETT) and a frequency of air time (FAT), which reflects a channel utilization. In an example implementation, a channel assignment and/or a routing for a network configuration may be switched responsive to the determined CCM.

Abstract: Low toxicity halogenated carborane-containing tetraphenylporphyrin compounds and methods for their use particularly in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), X-ray radiation therapy (XRT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of tumors of the brain, head and neck, and surrounding tissue. The invention also includes methods of tumor imaging and/or diagnosis such as MRI, SPECT, or PET using these halogenated carborane-containing tetraphenylporphyrin compounds.

Abstract: In view of the foregoing, the present invention provides a unified software framework or architecture for distributed coordination of wireless devices and radios, referred to as Layer 2.5 Software MAC (or ‘SoftMAC’), which resides between the standard 802.11 MAC layer (Layer 2) and IP layer (Layer 3) to regulate and control the amount of traffic (both real-time and “best effort”) delivered to 802.11 MAC DCF interfaces. The software based design can be ported to different OS platforms and systems and is capable of handling new hardware interfaces and MAC mechanisms (e.g., 802.11e) with only a software upgrade. The invention thus provides a natural way to make end systems support coordination of different radios of device(s), achieving better performance. Advantages of the 2.5 layer software MAC in accordance with the invention include: (a) there are no hardware constraints; (b) heterogeneous wireless/radio support is provided at the 2.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to low toxicity boronated compounds and methods for their use in the treatment, visualization, and diagnosis of tumors. More specifically, the present invention is directed to low toxicity carborane-containing 5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenylporphyrin compounds and methods for their use particularly in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of tumors of the brain, head and neck, and surrounding tissue. The invention is also directed to using these carborane-containing tetraphenyl porphyrin compounds to methods of tumor imaging and/or diagnosis such as MRI, SPECT, or PET.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to low toxicity boronated compounds and methods for their use in the treatment, visualization, and diagnosis of tumors. More specifically, the present invention is directed to low toxicity carborane-containing 5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenylporphyrin compounds and methods for their use particularly in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of tumors of the brain, head, neck, and surrounding tissue. The invention is also directed to using these carborane-containing tetraphenyl porphyrin compounds to methods of tumor imaging and/or diagnosis such as MRI, SPECT, or PET.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to low toxicity boronated compounds and methods for their use in the treatment, visualization, and diagnosis of tumors. More specifically, the present invention is directed to low toxicity carborane-containing 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin compounds and methods for their use particularly in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of tumors of the brain, head, neck, and surrounding tissue. The invention is also directed to using these carborane-containing tetraphenyl porphyrin compounds to methods of tumor imaging and/or diagnosis such as MRI, SPECT, or PET.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to low toxicity boronated compounds and methods for their use in the treatment, visualization, and diagnosis of tumors. More specifically, the present invention is directed to low toxicity carborane-containing 5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenylporphyrin compounds and methods for their use particularly in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of tumors of the brain, head and neck, and surrounding tissue. The invention is also directed to using these carborane-containing tetraphenyl porphyrin compounds to methods of tumor imaging and/or diagnosis such as MRI, SPECT, or PET.

Abstract: An end host in a peer-to-peer system stores identifiers for both its peers and the neighbors of its peers. When the IP address of the end host and one of the peers changes, the end host's new IP address can be sent to each neighbor of the peer so that communication between the end host and the peer will not be lost. The order in which the neighbors of the peer are stored can be prioritized for faster delivery of the end host's changed IP address to the peer. The prioritizing can be by available bandwidth of the neighbors, proximity of the neighbors, trust between the peer and its neighbors, the probability that the IP address of the neighbors will change, etc. Proximity of the peers from each other and the end host can be a function of the identifier, which can be generated from a public key.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for marking a packet with a precedence value in a TCP-friendly way. One system and method marks packets with a precedence value based on a probability function. Another system and method marks packets with one of three precedence values based on network traffic but enables interleaving of differently marked packets when a certain number of packets have been successively marked with a low or medium precedence value.

Abstract: A method and system for transmitting information between a sending means and a receiving means using packets for information transmission. The receipt of transmitted packets is acknowledged and unacknowledged packets are retransmitted from the sending means. The amount of transmitted unacknowledged information or the number of consecutive unacknowledged packets is detected, and the reason for information or packet loss is determined based on the amount of transmitted unacknowledged information or the number of consecutive unacknowledged packets. This amount is compared with a path maximum transmission unit (PMTU) to determine the reason for loss. A single or small number of unacknowledged packets is determined to be a result of Bit Error Rate (BER), whereas a larger number of consecutive unacknowledged packets may be determined to be congestion.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the fairness and performance in a multihop ad hoc network, the method usually including providing contention synchronization information regarding a transmission between nodes of the network, wherein the information is routinely provided to nodes in a range of two hops from the nodes participating at the transmission. The method also typically includes setting, after successfully finishing the transmission, a waiting time for the nodes participating at the transmission, in which these nodes backoff from accessing a transmission medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and network element for scheduling data transmission in a packet data network, e.g. a differentiated services network. Data traffic of a predetermined traffic class is classified based on a predetermined traffic profile, e.g. responsive or non-responsive traffic, and an in-profile rate of the data traffic is estimated. Then, a weight determining a transmit order of queued data packets of said predetermined traffic class is adjusted according to the estimated in-profile rate. Thus, the data traffic is marked into different classes based on the traffic profile and a queue scheduler improves fairness between the classified flows in the packet data network. Thereby, enhanced fairness between traffic profiles can be achieved easily and effectively.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the throughput in a wireless communication network with an algorithm, wherein the algorithm is self-adapting to the current network load; a collision related parameter is calculated and exchanged for refreshing the state of the network; and an optimal contention window for a transmission of packets is calculated by using the collision related parameter and an initial contention window.