Abstract: A method of producing a non-erythroid protein in erythrocytes of a transgenic animal using an erythroid-specific promoter includes synthesizing an erythroid-specific globin gene promoter and globin gene locus control region and cloning the promoter and the globin gene locus control region and a gene encoding a non-erythroid protein into a vector to obtain a transgene; introducing the transgene in pronuclear embryos collected from a mammalian animal in vitro; transplanting the pronuclear embryos containing the transgene into oviduct of a female recipient of the mammalian animal to obtain a transgenic animal which then expresses the non-erythroid protein in progenitor cells of erythrocytes; and collecting blood from the transgenic animal and isolating the non-erythroid protein from the erythrocytes.

Abstract: A method of detecting nucleic acids with an amplified signal utilizes first and second amplification nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method of enhancing signal in detection of nucleic acid sequences utilizes dual-functional capture particles for capturing a target sequence and for binding with enhancement probes coupled to a reporter.

Abstract: A method for production and delivery of a protein in vivo is described. The method includes steps of inserting a promoter and a gene encoding a protein in a vector, collecting an amount of host cells from a mammal, treating the host cells in vitro with the vector, then introducing the treated cells back to the mammal. In vivo, the treated host cells produce red blood cells and the protein which is contained in the red blood cells. The protein is released into peripheral blood of the mammal through a natural or an induced rupture of the red blood cells to supply the protein to the body.

Abstract: A method for sequentially detecting multiple target nucleic acid fragments in a sample includes steps of adding a sample into a column having a test snare which has thereon two or more single strand capture DNA sequences; wherein each capture sequence binds specifically with one target nucleic acid fragment, and forms a double strand segment; washing out unbound target nucleic acid fragment; adding a first DNA probe, which has thereon a chemical label, to attach specifically to a probe binding site of the first target nucleic acid fragment; washing out unbound first probe; adding a triggering solution to trigger the chemical label; and detecting signals on the test snare for determining the first target nucleic acid fragment; subsequently, adding a second DNA probe to bind specifically to the second target nucleic acid fragment; washing, triggering and detecting signals for determining the second target nucleic acid fragment in the same manner.

Abstract: A method of enhancing detection signal for measurement of nucleic acid sequences includes providing a T- or L-primary probe having a target-binding segment and an enhancer linker segment; and hybridizing the primary probe with a target sequence of interest; providing a first enhancement probe having a first annealing segment complementary to the enhancer linker segment, a second annealing segment and a chemical label; hybridizing the first enhancement probe to the primary probe; providing a second enhancement probe having a first annealing segment complementary to the second annealing segment of the first enhancement probe, a second annealing segment complementary to the first annealing segment of the first enhancement probe, and the same chemical label; hybridizing the first and second enhancement probes, thereby multiple first and second enhancement probes annealing with each other forming a staggered chain extending from the primary probe; and detecting the chemical labels in the final complex.

Abstract: A method for sequentially detecting multiple target nucleic acid fragments in a sample includes steps of adding a sample into a column having a test snare which has thereon multiple single strand capture DNA sequences; wherein each capture sequence binds specifically with one target nucleic acid fragment, and forms a double strand segment; washing out unbound target nucleic acid fragment; adding a first DNA probe, which has thereon a chemical label, to attach specifically to a probe binding site of the first target nucleic acid fragment; washing out unbound first probe; adding a triggering solution to trigger the chemical label; and detecting signals on the test snare for determining the first target nucleic acid fragment; subsequently, adding a second DNA probe to bind specifically to the second target nucleic acid fragment; washing, triggering and detecting signals for determining the second target nucleic acid fragment in the same manner.

Abstract: A system for learning and examination training is disclosed. A student can log on the system through a website to review training history, to access a menu of levels of practice examinations of interest to him, and to select training exams on the website. During the examination, the student is able to indicate whether or not help is required at any given point or question. Without regard to whether or not the student believes help is required, all students are subject to a dynamic/interactive evaluation of responses in which a teacher who is on-line with the same website at the time of the student is able to intervene during an examination to invoke help options for the student. In the first instance, the teacher can intervene to change the exam level to either a lower or to a higher one.

Abstract: A method for sequentially detecting multiple target nucleic acid fragments in a sample includes steps of adding a sample into a column having a test snare which has thereon multiple single strand capture DNA sequences; wherein each capture sequence binds specifically with one target nucleic acid fragment, and forms a double strand segment; washing out unbound target nucleic acid fragment; adding a first DNA probe, which has thereon a chemical label, to attach specifically to a probe binding site of the first target nucleic acid fragment; washing out unbound first probe; adding a triggering solution to trigger the chemical label; and detecting signals on the test snare for determining the first target nucleic acid fragment; subsequently, adding a second DNA probe to bind specifically to the second target nucleic acid fragment; washing, triggering and detecting signals for determining the second target nucleic acid fragment in the same manner.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for detecting the presence of a test material in a test sample. The test sample is introduced into a test column which has at least two snares. One of the snares has a control capture material for detection of the presence of control. Each of other snares has a capture material specific to a corresponding test material for which detection being sought. The capture material will bind with the corresponding test material to form a bound material. The test column is then washed to remove materials which have not been bound to the capture materials. Finally, the presence of bound materials is detected on each of the snares. The method is useful for detection of a pathogen indicator in a test sample, particularly suitable for detection of DNA and RNA.