Abstract: An online concierge system trains a classification model as a domain adversarial neural network from training data labeled with source classes from a source domain that do not overlap with target classes from a target domain output by the classification model. The online concierge system maps one or more source classes to a target class. The classification model extracts features from an image, classifies whether an image is from the source domain or the target domain, and predicts a target class for an image from the extracted features. The classification model includes a gradient reversal layer between feature extraction layers and the domain classifier that is used during training, so the feature extraction layers extract domain invariant features from an image.

Abstract: To improve attribute prediction for items, item categories are associated with a schema that is augmented with additional attributes and/or attribute labels. Items may be organized into categories and similar categories may be related to one another, for example in a taxonomy or other organizational structure. An attribute extraction model may be trained for each category based on an initial attribute schema for the respective category and the items of that category. The extraction model trained for one category may be used to identify additional attributes and/or attribute labels for the same or another, related category.

Abstract: An online concierge system receives a delivery order containing a list of items, generates a suggested picking sequence for picking the delivery order in a warehouse, and transmits the suggested picking sequence to a mobile device of the shopper. Generating the suggested sequence includes applying a trained item sequence model to the delivery order. Training the item sequence model includes accessing data about a set of historical orders, determining a pairwise distance between each pair of aisles in the warehouse based on the data about the set of historical orders, and generating a distance graph based on the pairwise distance between each pair of aisles in the warehouse. The plurality of nodes represent a plurality of aisles in the warehouse, and the plurality of edges represent pairwise distances between pairs of aisles.

Abstract: An online concierge system maintains various items and an item embedding for each item. When the online concierge system receives a query for retrieving one or more items, the online concierge system generates an embedding for the query. The online concierge system trains a machine-learned model to determine a measure of relevance of an embedding for a query to item embeddings by generating training data of examples including queries and items with which users performed a specific interaction. The online concierge system generates a subset of the training data including examples satisfying one or more criteria and further trains the machine-learned model by application to the examples of the subset of the training data and stores parameters resulting from the further training as parameters of the machine-learned model.

Abstract: An online concierge system generates a suggested picking sequence to reduce the amount of time for a shopper to fulfill an online order of items from a warehouse. The online concierge system determines an average amount of time to sequentially pick items between different aisle pairs for a warehouse based on timestamps from item fulfillment in historical orders. The system generates a distance graph including aisle nodes connected by edges representing the pairwise distance between aisles. The system solves a traveling salesperson problem to generate a ranked order of aisle nodes for each of the historical orders. The system generates a ranked global sequence of aisle nodes based on the plurality of ranked orders of aisle nodes. The system applies the ranked global sequence to new delivery orders to generate the suggested picking sequence for a shopper.

Abstract: An online system leverages stored interactions with items made by users after the online system received queries to determine display of items satisfying the query. For example, the online system trains a model to predict a likelihood of a user performing an interaction with an item displayed after a query was received. As different items receive different amounts of interaction from users, limited historical interaction with certain items may limit accuracy of the model. The online system generates embeddings for previously received queries and uses measures of similarity between embeddings for queries to generate clusters of queries. Previous interactions with queries in a cluster are combined, with the combined data being used for determining display of items in response to a query.

Abstract: An online system maintains various items and maintains values for different attributes of the items, as well as an item embedding for each item. When the online system receives a query for retrieving one or more items, the online system generates an embedding for the query. Based on measures of similarity between the embedding for the query and item embeddings, the online system selects a set of items. The online system identifies a specific attribute of items and generates a whitelist of values for the specific attribute based on measures of similarity between item embeddings for items in the selected set and the embedding for the query. The online system removes items having values for the selected attribute outside of the whitelist of values from the selected set of items to identify items more likely to be relevant to the query.

Abstract: An online concierge system allows users to order items from a warehouse, which may have multiple warehouse locations. The online concierge system provides a user interface to users for ordering the items, with the user interface providing an indication of whether an item is predicted to be available at the warehouse at different times. To predict availability of an item model at different times, the online concierge system selects data from historical information about availability of items at one or more warehouses based on temporal, geospatial, and socioeconomic information about observations of historical availability of items at warehouses. The online concierge system accounts for distances between observations and a time and geographic location in a feature space to select observations for predicting item availability at the time and the geographic location.

Abstract: To simplify retrieval of items from a database that at least partially satisfy a received query, an online concierge system trains a model that outputs scores for items from the database without initially retrieving items for evaluation by the model. The online concierge system pre-trains the model using natural language inputs corresponding to items from the database, with a natural language input including masked words that the model is trained to predict. Subsequently, the model is refined using multi-task training where a task is trained to predict scores for items from the received query. The online concierge system selects items for display in response to the received query based on the predicted scores.

Abstract: An online concierge system generates a suggested picking sequence to reduce the amount of time for a shopper to fulfill an online order of items from a warehouse. The online concierge system determines an average amount of time to sequentially pick items between different aisle pairs for a warehouse based on timestamps from item fulfillment in historical orders. The system generates a distance graph including aisle nodes connected by edges representing the pairwise distance between aisles. The system solves a traveling salesperson problem to generate a ranked order of aisle nodes for each of the historical orders. The system generates a ranked global sequence of aisle nodes based on the plurality of ranked orders of aisle nodes. The system applies the ranked global sequence to new delivery orders to generate the suggested picking sequence for a shopper.

Abstract: An online concierge system receives unstructured data describing items offered for purchase by various warehouses. To generate attributes for products from the unstructured data, the online concierge system extracts candidate values for attributes from the unstructured data through natural language processing. One or more users associate a subset candidate values with corresponding attributes, and the online concierge system clusters the remaining candidate values with the candidate values of the subset associated with attributes. One or more users provide input on the accuracy of the generated clusters. The candidate values are applied as labels to items by the online concierge system, which uses the labeled items as training data for an attribute extraction model to predict values for one or more attributes from unstructured data about an item.

Abstract: An online concierge shopping system identifies candidate items to a user for inclusion in an order based on prior user inclusion of items in orders and items currently included in the order. From a multi-dimensional tensor generated from cooccurrences of items in orders from various users, the online concierge system generates item embeddings and user embeddings in a common latent space by decomposing the multi-dimensional tensor. From items included in an order, the online concierge system generates an order embedding from item embeddings of the items included in the order. Scores for candidate items are determined based on similarity of item embeddings for the candidate items to the order embedding. Candidate items are selected based on their scores, with the selected candidate items identified to the user.

Abstract: An online concierge system trains a classification model as a domain adversarial neural network from training data labeled with source classes from a source domain that do not overlap with target classes from a target domain output by the classification model. The online concierge system maps one or more source classes to a target class. The classification model extracts features from an image, classifies whether an image is from the source domain or the target domain, and predicts a target class for an image from the extracted features. The classification model includes a gradient reversal layer between feature extraction layers and the domain classifier that is used during training, so the feature extraction layers extract domain invariant features from an image.

Abstract: A space layout system performs various automated layout techniques to generate space layouts for office and other workspaces. The system can access building information modeling (BIM) information fora space, and automatically determine a layout of desks or other furniture for the space. The system can also provide to receive user input and automatically modify or reconfigure the layout of the space using the automated techniques.

Abstract: A system receives multiple support tickets, each of which contains support request text and is generated based on a support request received from a user of a computer system communicatively coupled to the system. The system applies a trained model to the support request text of each support ticket to assign a label to each support ticket. The label designates a type of support request contained in the support request text. The system renders a dashboard displaying a representation of the multiple support tickets organized according to the assigned labels.

Abstract: A space layout system performs various automated layout techniques to generate space layouts for office and other workspaces. The system can access building information modeling (BIM) information for a space, and automatically determine a layout of desks or other furniture for the space. The system can also provide to receive user input and automatically modify or reconfigure the layout of the space using the automated techniques.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a search query comprising one or more n-grams from a client system associated with a user of an online social network, generating one or more term embeddings representing the one or more n-grams of the search query, respectively, encoding the one or more term embeddings to generate a query embedding representing the search query, decoding the query embedding to generate one or more output term embeddings representing one or more query tokens, constructing a query command from the one or more output term embeddings, executing the query command to retrieve one or more search results, and sending, to the client system in response to the search query, instructions for generating a search-results interface for presentation to the user, the search-results interface comprising one or more of the retrieved search results.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, from a client system associated with a user of an online social network, a search query for entities in the online social network, the search query containing one or more n-grams, generating a query embedding corresponding to the search query, where the query embedding represents the search query as a point in a d-dimensional embedding space, retrieving multiple entity embeddings corresponding to a plurality of entities, respectively, where each entity embedding represents the corresponding entity as a point in the d-dimensional embedding space, calculating, for each of the retrieved entity embeddings, a similarity metric between the query embedding and the entity embedding, ranking the entities based on their respective calculated similarity metrics, and sending, to the client system in response to the search query, instructions for presenting a search-results interface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a search query comprising one or more n-grams from a client system associated with a user of an online social network, generating one or more term embeddings representing the one or more n-grams of the search query, respectively, encoding the one or more term embeddings to generate a query embedding representing the search query, decoding the query embedding to generate one or more output term embeddings representing one or more query tokens, constructing a query command from the one or more output term embeddings, executing the query command to retrieve one or more search results, and sending, to the client system in response to the search query, instructions for generating a search-results interface for presentation to the user, the search-results interface comprising one or more of the retrieved search results.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a search query for objects of the online social network, parsing the search query to identify any unique entities referenced in the search query, determining whether the search query matches any of the standard grammar templates, generating term embeddings for the search query, determining whether the search query is a grammar query by processing the term embeddings with a classifier neural network, encoding the term embeddings to generate a query embedding by a translator neural network, decoding the query embedding to generate output term embeddings by the translator neural network, constructing a query command from the output term embeddings, executing the query command to retrieve one or more search results, and sending instructions for generating a search-results interface to the client system.