Abstract: An apparatus for casting a patterned surface on both sides of an opaque web. The apparatus includes a first patterned roll, a second pattered roll, and a means for rotating the first and second patterned rolls such that their patterns are transferred to opposite sides of the opaque web while it is in continuous motion. During this process, their patterns are maintained in continuous registration to within at least 100 micrometers.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a surface-enhanced optical property of an analyte using a flexible structured substrate having a metal layer conformably disposed on nanostructure, a flexible structured substrate, and a method of making the same.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a surface-enhanced optical property of an analyte using a flexible structured substrate having a metal layer conformably disposed on nanostructure, a flexible structured substrate, and a method of making the same.

Abstract: A method for implementing multicast fast reroute includes: determining a route for a backup LSP according to the tree topology of a point-to-multipoint primary LSP and establishing the backup LSP according to the determined route for the backup LSP. In the process of establishing the backup LSP, messages for the primary LSP and its corresponding backup LSPs are further merged to decrease the number of network signaling states. A node includes a transceiver unit and a backup LSP path establishing unit. The present invention can save protection bandwidth, optimize network resource utilization, and enhance utilization efficiency of resources.

Abstract: A method for protection switching decision includes: performing performance monitoring and failure detection on a first transmitting entity that transmits services; performing performance monitoring and failure detection on a second transmitting entity that does not transmit services; and making protection switching decision according to the performance monitoring and failure detection results of the first transmitting entity and second transmitting entity. A system for performance monitoring is also disclosed. In embodiments of the present invention, performance monitoring may be performed on the transmitting entity that does not transmit services, thus avoiding invalid switching of services and improving the quality of services.

Abstract: A multicast MPLS networks node in network communication field and a method and a system for fault localization are provided. The method includes a step that a leaf node judges the connectivity of a multicast path; a root node generates a fault localization message to perform fault localization for a fault branch after learning the branch where the fault is located in accordance with the judgment result of the leaf node. An embodiment of the present invention further provides a fault localization system for Multicast MPLS networks, which includes a connectivity checking module, a root node learning module, a node reply module and a fault localization module. The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention restrains unnecessary message, reduces redundant information, and improves network efficiency by carrying the information of the fault branch in the fault localization message to perform fault localization only for the fault branch.

Abstract: Provided is a method of making microarrays that includes providing a substrate with discrete first microfeatures that have a first profile, and depositing vapor-coated materials onto the first microfeatures to form second microfeatures having a second profile that is substantially different from the first profile. Also provided is a method of adding a replication material to the vapor-coated microfeatures to form a mold. Microarrays made by this method can be used as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

Abstract: A method of forming a metallic material on a receptor that includes the steps of: placing a donor element proximate a receptor, wherein the donor element includes a donor substrate and a thermal transfer layer, wherein the thermal transfer layer includes a catalytic material, and wherein the thermal transfer layer of the donor element is placed proximate the surface of the receptor; thermally transferring at least a portion of the thermal transfer layer from the donor element to the receptor; and electrolessly depositing a metallic material on the receptor by growth of the metallic material on the catalytic material.

Abstract: A hook fastener capable of engaging a suitable loop fabric, and a method of forming this hook fastener, are disclosed. The hook fastener comprises a base substrate with a surface having a multitude of engaging projections, the engaging projections having a top surface and an attached end which is joined to the surface of the base substrate at a bond juncture, wherein the top surfaces of at least some of the engaging projections comprise nonlinear microstructured features, such as intersecting peak and/or valley structures.

Abstract: Methods for changing the shape of a surface of an article are disclosed. The methods may include providing a liquid polymer precursor, casting the precursor against a first tool assembly, curing the precursor to form a shape memory polymer substrate, deforming one or more surfaces of the substrate, and mobilizing the shape memory polymer to shift the deformed surface of the substrate from a deformed shape to a pre-set shape.

Abstract: A shape memory polymer article is disclosed. The article may include a surface having a microstructure and it may include a shape memory polymer. The shape memory polymer may include a copolymer network. The copolymer network may be formed from the reaction product of a free radically polymerizable siloxane having greater than one functional free radically polymerizable group and at least one (meth)acrylate monomer.

Abstract: A method and system for solving the inverse acoustic scattering problem using an iterative approach with consideration of half-off-shell transition matrix elements (near-field) information, where the Volterra inverse series correctly predicts the first two moments of the interaction, while the Fredholm inverse series is correct only for the first moment and that the Volterra approach provides a method for exactly obtaining interactions which can be written as a sum of delta functions.

Abstract: A method of selectively and electrolessly depositing a metal onto a substrate having a metallic patterned-nanostructure surface is disclosed. The method includes providing a tool having a patterned-nanostructure surface, the patterned-nanostructure surface having surface regions having a nanostructured surface, replicating the tool patterned-nanostructure surface onto a substrate to form a substrate patterned-nanostructure surface, disposing a metal layer on the substrate patterned-nanostructure surface to form a metallic patterned-nanostructure surface region, forming a self-assembled monolayer on the metallic patterned-nanostructure surface region, exposing the self-assembled monolayer to an electroless plating solution comprising a deposit metal, and depositing electrolessly the deposit metal selectively on the surface regions having a metallic nanostructured surface. Articles formed from this method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of making a polymer film having a surface with nanofibrils.

Abstract: A method of making a tool comprises forming a copper layer consisting of discrete copper nodules. At least 80 percent of the nodules have a maximum width in a range of from 100 nanometers to 1 micrometer, and the layer is essentially free of platelet structures. The method may be used to make a tool having an endless textured surface. The tools are useful for making textured articles.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a surface-enhanced optical property of an analyte using a flexible structured substrate having a metal layer conformably disposed on nanostructure, a flexible structured substrate, and a method of making the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides plating solutions having either copper bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl) imides or copper tris(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl) methides and methods of electrochemically or chemically depositing copper interconnects using these plating solutions.

Abstract: An apparatus for casting a patterned surface on both sides of an opaque web. The apparatus includes a first patterned roll, a second pattered roll, and a means for rotating the first and second patterned rolls such that their patterns are transferred to opposite sides of the opaque web while it is in continuous motion. During this process, their patterns are maintained in continuous registration to within at least 100 micrometers.