Abstract: There is provided a method for quantitatively evaluating properties of a graphite structure of a gray cast iron based on a number and a thick and thin degree of graphite components in the structure. In particular, only non-spherical graphite pieces having an average size of 5 ?m or more are extracted from a preprocessed image of the graphite structure, and counted (Step S5 of FIG. 3). Further, only graphite pieces having a maximum length of 50 ?m or more and less than 150 ?m are selected therefrom, and a length and an area of each selected graphite piece are measured (Step S6). An area of an assumptive representative graphite piece having a maximum length (a maximum size) of 100 ?m is calculated from these data, and divided by the length 100 ?m, to obtain the thick and thin degree (Step S7). The thick and thin degree is shown with the number of the graphite pieces (Step S8).

Abstract: There is provided a method for quantitatively evaluating properties of a graphite structure of a gray cast iron based on a number and a thick and thin degree of graphite components in the structure. In particular, only non-spherical graphite pieces having an average size of 5 ?m or more are extracted from a preprocessed image of the graphite structure, and counted (Step S5 of FIG. 3). Further, only graphite pieces having a maximum length of 50 ?m or more and less than 150 ?m are selected therefrom, and a length and an area of each selected graphite piece are measured (Step S6). An area of an assumptive representative graphite piece having a maximum length (a maximum size) of 100 ?m is calculated from these data, and divided by the length 100 ?m, to obtain the thick and thin degree (Step S7). The thick and thin degree is shown with the number of the graphite pieces (Step S8).

Abstract: A digital multi-functional machine and method are disclosed, having at least one of picture reading, printing, and facsimile transmission capabilities, and including a printer for making visible prints in response to a demand for image prints and prints of facsimile transmission. The machine is provided with a data storage unit which is capable of storing image data either in predetermined block unit of pixels for binary image data, or in the form coded by a fixed length block truncation encoder by the block unit of pixels for multiple valued image data.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for image compression and decompression includes a smoothing part for smoothing image data of a reconstructed image by using a smoothing filter selected from among a plurality of smoothing filters having different smoothing effects, an averaging part for producing a set of values of averages of coefficients produced through discrete cosine transformation with respect to a plurality of blocks in the reconstructed image so that a distribution of the averages of the coefficients for a target block is generated, and a selection part for generating a signal to enable the smoothing part to select the smoothing filter by detecting whether or not peak values in the distribution of the averages of the coefficients, generated by the averaging part, appear substantially on a diagonal line of the target block passing a lowest-order position through a highest-order position of the target block.

Abstract: An image area discriminating method surely distinguishes a character image area and a halftone image area printed on a single document in response to image data outputted by an image reader. An image of interest is divided into N.times.N blocks and subjected to two-dimensional orthogonal transform block by block to produce an N.times.N coefficient pattern. The blocks each is compared with coefficient patterns prepared beforehand and matching the characteristics of character images to see if the block lies in a character image area or in a halftone image area. The N.times.N coefficients may be replaced with N.times.N vectors. Then, a necessary number of vectors are selected out of the N.times.N vectors to generate a .upsilon.-dimensional coefficient vector, and it is compared with vecotrs prepared beforehand for character identification and matching the characteristics of character images.