Abstract: A magnetic recording and/or reproducing device uses a Viterbi decoding circuit wherein, when data falls within a predetermined range, the level of the reproduced signal is sensed and the level of the reproduced signal is corrected in a manner which reduces bit error caused by noise in the reproduced signal. Alternatively, the value of a previous video signal value is corrected in accordance with the amount of change in an instant signal value.

Abstract: In an apparatus for detecting input digital data, for example, as derived by analog-to-digital conversion of a reproduced binary signal in analog form; a distributor circuit distributes the input digital data into at least two channels, a processing circuit in each channel processes the respective digital data in accordance with a predetermined formula, a decoder in each channel decodes an output of the respective processing circuit in accordance with the Viterbi algorithm, and the outputs of the decoders are composed or combined to provide therefrom a single sequence of digital data.

Abstract: A digital signal reproducing apparatus wherein an analog signal corresponding to stored digital data is processed to generate a digital data signal including an analog-to-digital converter operative to convert the analog signal to a digital signal, a decoder to decode the digital signal, and a memory interposed between the analog-to-digital converter and digital decoder to remove time base components from the digital signal. The analog signal is converted to the digital signal and the digital signal is read into the memory at a first clock rate. The digital signal is read out from the memory and subsequently decoded at a second clock rate.

Abstract: Apparatus for regenerating a coded digital signal, comprising an interference cancellation equalizer for cancelling an interference component from an input digital signal and a decoder. The equalizer includes a compensator for high frequency compensating the input digital signal, an extractor for extracting intercode interference from the compensated digital signal, and a subtracter for subtracting the extracted intercode interference from the input digital signal to produce a waveform equalized signal. The decoder recovers the original digital signal as a function of the correlation or samples of the waveform equalized signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for decoding a transmitted signal has a receiver for receiving the transmitted signal, a filter for limiting the frequency of the output of the receiver below a predetermined frequency, a generator for generating a clock signal having a frequency equal to a transmitting rate of the signal output from the receiver, a converter for sampling the output of the filter at a frequency defined by the clock signal and for converting the filter output into a binary signal, and a processor for decoding the binary signal according to a predetermined system.

Abstract: A VTR is responsive to designation of an index scan mode for detecting an index signal recorded on a control track of a tape with the tape being traveled at high speed. During high-speed traveling, a video signal received by a contained tuner is outputted and applied to a monitor receiver. Every time the index signal is detected, the starting portion of each recorded program is reproduced in a normal reproducing mode during a short time period and time-base compressed, to be combined with the above described received video signal. The combined video signal for picture-in-picture display is applied to the monitor receiver externally provided, so that a received video signal is displayed on a main screen while a reproduced video signal is displayed on a subscreen. When a short time period elapsed, PIP control is cancelled, so that a high-speed traveling mode is established until the next index signal is detected.

Abstract: In an apparatus for recording video and audio signals, and in which a video signal has its time base compressed to 1/N the time base of a standard television signal and the time base compressed video signal is recorded in slant tracks on a tape by rotary heads while the tape is driven so as to provide a recording format coincident with that of a standard video tape recorder, and with video information of one field being recorded in each track; there are further provided a time base compressor for compressing the time base of an input audio signal in correspondence to the time base compressed video signal, a frequency modulator for frequency modulating a carrier signal with the time base compressed audio signal, and a mixer for mixing the time base compressed and frequency modulated audio signal with the time base compressed video signal prior to recording with the latter by the rotary heads in the standard recording format.

Abstract: Pulse code modulated signal apparatus has a recording mode and a reproducing mode and comprises input terminals for respectively receiving input signals, a digital-to-analog converter for receiving a reproduced digital input signal in the reproducing mode and producing an analog output signal corresponding thereto, and switch circuitry for making a selection of the input signals, the analog output signal and a non-signal and producing a switched output corresponding thereto. A filter filters the switched output. A control circuit controls the switch circuit in the recording mode to select one of the input signals and in the reproducing mode to select alternately the analog output signal and the non-signal, thereby providing aperture compensation.

Abstract: In a tape recording apparatus having a rotary guide drum on which a tape is helically wrapped, a second erase head is secured on a rotary body included in the tape guide drum for erasing recorded tracks on the tape when the tape is driven in the reverse direction in addition to a first head secured on the rotary body for erasing recorded tracks on the tape when the tape is driven in the forward direction, whereby the erasing and recording operations can be made in both cases when the tape is moved in the forward direction and when it is moved in the reverse direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor integrated circuit device comprising a protective circuit including a MOSFET which is connected directly to a bonding pad and which is connected in the form of a diode, and a resistor which is connected to the bonding pad at a stage posterior to the MOSFET. A drain region of the MOSFET is connected to the bonding pad, and has a large area of at least a certain fixed value in order to raise a voltage at which a P-N junction is destroyed.

Abstract: A method of coloring a glass sheet which must contain reducing ions such as tin ions diffused into a surface layer thereof. The reducing ions may originate in a molten metal bath used in producing the glass sheet by the float process. A coloring agent comprising a powder mixture of 1 part by weight of a substance expressed by Ag.sub.x W.sub.y O.sub.z, wherein x:y:z is 1-2:1:2-4, and 5 to 20 parts by weight of a transition metal oxide, e.g. Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, is applied to the glass sheet surface, and the glass sheet is heated so as to cause silver ions to diffuse into the surface layer of the glass sheet and undergo reduction by the action of the precedingly diffused ions to produce color. Conveniently, use is made of a paste prepared by dispersing the powder mixture in an organic liquid vehicle. Owing to the stability of the silver-containing oxide Ag.sub.x W.sub.y O.sub.z, uniform coloring is achieved without encountering difficulty and without degrading the quality of the glass sheet.

Abstract: A method of premelting the raw materials for glass, which comprises burning a fuel by atomizing it within a combustion chamber while blowing combustion air into said combustion chamber so as to swirl along the inner wall thereof, feeding the raw materials for glass to said combustion chamber to effect partial premelting thereof, letting the thus premelted raw materials together with the combustion gas flow out from the lower part of the combustion chamber by way of a downwardly inclined duct, separating the premelted raw materials from the combustion gas, leading the premelted raw materials thus separated into a melting furnace, and utilizing the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber and/or the melting furnace effectively.

Abstract: A powdery substance in suspension state is heated with the high-temperature combustion waste gas exhausted from a glass tank furnace, and the air for combustion is heated with the thus heated powder substance. When the powdery substance employed is a raw material for preparing glass, the raw materials for preparing glass and the air for combustion to be supplied to the glass tank furnace are both heated therewith thereby contributing to effective recovery of the heat of the combustion waste gas.

Abstract: A method of melting the raw materials for preparing glass, which method comprises feeding powdery or granular raw materials for preparing glass successively into flames jetting out of burners along the sloped furnace bed of a melting furnace, letting said raw materials fall onto the furnace bed at a location away from the position of the inlet for raw materials while heating them with said flames as well as the combustion gas, melting the raw materials for glass that land on the furnace bed by heating with said flames, and pouring the thus melted raw materials into a glass tank furnace from the side of the melting furnace where the burners are provided.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for cooling hot pellets discharged from a kiln or the like with water is presented wherein the pellets are charged through a chute into a water cooling bath while avoiding oxidation thereof. The cooling bath is covered with a hood and the pressure difference between the chute and hood is controlled during the process.

Abstract: After copper of printed circuit board lined with copper foil is etched with an acidic etching solution containing chloride ions, the resulting etching solution containing copper ions is placed in a cathode compartment partitioned with a diaphram from an anode compartment, while placing a caustic soda solution in the anode compartment, and subjected to electrolysis. In the cathode compartment, copper is deposited on an electrode without any redissolution of the deposited copper, and recovered, whereas in the anode compartment chlorine formed on an anode is absorbed into the caustic soda solution without any discharge to the atmosphere. The etching solution thus freed from the copper ions is admixed with the same kind of chemicals as consumed by the etching, and used again as a regenerated etching solution.