Abstract: A heating apparatus for a vehicle includes a pump for circulating cooling water in a cooling water circuit, a heating heat exchanger for heating air blown into a passenger compartment of the vehicle using cooling water as a heating source, and a throttle valve disposed at a discharge side of the pump. In the heating apparatus, when the temperature of cooling water is low and heating capacity for heating the passenger compartment is insufficient, an opening degree of the throttle valve is reduced by a control unit. Therefore, heat is generated from the throttle valve and the pump so that the temperature of cooling water is increased. Thus, heating capacity of the heating apparatus can be improved without using a manual operation.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle for a vehicle air conditioner has a bypass passage between a compressor and an evaporator. In a heating mode, high-temperature gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor is directly introduced into the evaporator through the bypass passage while bypassing a condenser to improve a heating performance of the air conditioner. When a refrigerant recovery mode in which refrigerant staying in the condenser is forced to be discharged and introduced into the evaporator is set, a passage between the condenser and the evaporator in which a thermostatic expansion valve is disposed is controlled to be opened a predetermined amount. As a result, refrigerant staying in the condenser is securely returned to the evaporator even when a temperature of outside air is extremely low and the expansion valve is closed.

Abstract: A refrigerating cycle apparatus that inhibits system corrosion and abnormally high pressure during startup of a first refrigerant circuit by preventing air from penetrating into a refrigerant compressor during low-temperature startup of a second auxiliary refrigerant circuit. An apparatus evaporator heats air flowing through an air conditioning duct as a high temperature/high pressure gas refrigerant discharged from an engine-driven compressor is guided through a pressure-reducing unit and the evaporator, bypassing a condenser. Thereafter, the refrigerant is returned to the compressor, which is automatically stopped when a compressor suction pressure, or a physical quantity representative of the suction pressure, becomes lower than a predetermined value.

Abstract: To ensure an overwrite characteristic for a magnetic disk and restrain the occurrence of waveform distortion. When record data (updated data) is recorded on a target area of a magnetic disk, a dc erase is effected to thereby ensure a requested overwrite characteristic. Next, erasing data of a constant frequency is recorded i.e., an intermediates wavelength erase is accomplished. Then, the record data is recorded. Since the erasing data is recorded before the recording of the record data, a magnetized pattern corresponding to the erasing data is formed over a recording layer (magnetic film) as a bed and waveform distortion is restrained from occurring due to the execution of the dc erase alone.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle is switched from a refrigeration cycle circuit to a hot gas heater circuit to make the hot gas discharged from a compressor flow into an evaporator and heat the vehicle passenger compartment, at which time, when a suction pressure (Ps) of the compressor becomes a low pressure below a first predetermined pressure, the discharge volume (Vc) of the compressor is made larger to ensure a sufficient auxiliary heating performance. Further, when the hot gas is made to flow into the evaporator to heat the vehicle passenger compartment, if the suction pressure (Ps) of the compressor becomes a higher pressure over a second predetermined pressure, the discharge volume (Vc) of the compressor is made smaller to protect the refrigeration cycle parts and lighten the ON, OFF shock.

Abstract: New compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, or a hydroxyl, aryl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylene or --A--SOn--B group (A is a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkylene group; B is a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) acyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group; n is 0, 1 or 2), R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyloxy 10 or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkylthio group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are identical or different, representing a hydrogen atom, or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl, aryl or aryl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylene group, R.sup.5 is a --Y--C or C group (Y is a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkylene group, an oxygen atom, an imino group or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyleneimino group, C is a sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, amidino, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) acyl, acylimidoyl, diphosphonomethine or dicarboxymethine group), and R.sup.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle seat includes a seat blower unit disposed in a lower side of the seat, and a seat duct for leading air from an air conditioning unit to the seat through the seat blower unit. In the air conditioning apparatus, it can be determined that heat load of a passenger compartment is decreased to a predetermined value based on an operation state of a unit blower of the air conditioning unit, and the seat blower is stopped when the heat load is decreased to the predetermined value. Further, the seat blower is turned on or off according to the heat load of the passenger compartment, so that temperature of the seat can be controlled within a predetermined range.

Abstract: In a cooling water circuit system, cooling water pumped by a mechanically-driven first water pump circulates in a cooling water circuit, and flows through a radiator and a heater core in parallel in the cooling water circuit. An electrically-driven second water pump is disposed in the cooling water circuit at a position where cooling water to be supplied to the radiator from the first water pump and cooling water to be supplied to the heater core from the first water pump flow together. A check valve is provided in the cooling water circuit in parallel with the second water pump so that cooling water flows in one way from a water suction side of the second water pump toward a discharge side thereof. Thus, when the second water pump is operated, a total amount of cooling water pumped by the first water pump and the second water pump can flow through the radiator and the heater core.

Abstract: A heating apparatus for a vehicle includes a heat exchanger for heating air blown into a passenger compartment by using cooling water for cooling an engine as a heating source, and a combustor for heating cooling water flowing into the heat exchanger. When the combustor is stopped, exhaust gas of the engine is introduced into the combustor so that the exhaust gas of the engine is heat-exchanged with cooling water in the combustor, and is introduced into an intake pipe of the engine. Therefore, exhaust gas of the engine, introducing into the intake pipe of the engine, is cooled in the combustor without an additional heat exchanger provided in an engine compartment.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus includes a heating heat exchanger for heating air blown toward a passenger compartment using hot water as a heating source. A plurality of electric heating members are formed integrally with the heating heat exchanger, and electric power supplied to the electric heating members is controlled according a temperature of the hot water. Therefore, a number of the electric heating members to be operated is finely controlled according to the temperature of water flowing through the heating heat exchanger. Further, when a water temperature of the heating heat exchanger is lower than a predetermined temperature (e.g., 35.degree. C.), a water valve is closed to interrupt the flow of water to the heating heat exchanger, and a blower is operated. Therefore, a quantity of heat transmitted from the electric heating members to the water in the heating heat exchanger can be greatly decreased.

Abstract: A decompressing device for decompressing refrigerant that is discharged from a compressor is provided at an inlet of a hot-gas bypass passage. The refrigerant flows in the hot-gas bypass passage after being decompressed by the decompressing device to bypass a condenser at a heating mode. In this case, because the refrigerant flows in the hot-gas bypass passage with a temperature that is lowered by the decompression, heat loss at a pipe portion of the hot-gas bypass passage is effectively decreased.

Abstract: An air-conditioning case (2d) of a front air-conditioning unit (2) includes therein a branching duct (2c) for dividing the flow of the air-conditioned air to the seat (3) of occupants, and a cool/warm air switch (10) for switching the cool air (7) and the warm air (8) of the air-conditioned air and sending the resultant air to air supply ports (19). The air supply ports (19) are connected to the seat (3) by a single air duct (4). Therefore, the duct configuration is very simple. Also, the air duct (4) can be an existing one connected to the rear foot vent (30).

Abstract: A vehicle air-conditioning system includes electric heating devices to accelerate a rise in temperature of air for heating a passenger compartment by accelerating a rise in temperature of warm water used to heat the air and by directly heating the air. Electric heating devices are built into a heat exchanger for heating so that the devices can release heat into surrounding air through radiating fins. When the system is in a heating operation region and the temperature of warm water available to flow through the heat exchanger is below a set temperature T.sub.2, the electric heating devices are turned on. A blower for blowing heating air into a passenger compartment through the heat exchanger is stopped, and a warm water valve is opened to allow the warm water to flow through the heat exchanger, whereupon heat from the electric heating devices is released through the radiating fins into the warm water inside the heat exchanger. When the temperature of the warm water rises above the set temperature T.sub.

Abstract: According to the present invention, in a heating apparatus having a viscous heater using viscous fluid for heating cooling water, when an engine rotational speed is lower than a set rotational speed relative to a temperature of viscous fluid, a viscous clutch is turned on to transmit a rotational driving force of the engine to a rotor of the viscous heater. In this way, a shearing force is applied to the viscous fluid in the heat-generating chamber, and the circulating cooling water is heated by generated heat of the viscous fluid to improve the heating capacity. When the engine rotational speed is higher than the set rotational speed relative to a temperature of viscous fluid, a viscous clutch is not turned on. Therefore, the rotational driving force of the engine is not transmitted to the rotor of the viscous heater, so that the shearing force is not applied to the viscous fluid to prevent the oil temperature of the viscous fluid from increasing excessively higher than 200.degree. C.

Abstract: In a magnetic disk apparatus such as a floppy disk drive, the operating conditions can be readily and securely switched in a detailed manner using a simple construction. A magnetic head 20 is driven or a reproduced signal is converted into reproduction data by switching operating conditions in accordance with operating information stored in a memory circuit 30 where the operating information is set in the memory circuit 30 through external equipment.

Abstract: According to the present invention, when an air-conditioning clutch of a compressor is set on, even if an improvement of a heating capacity by a viscous heater is required, a viscous clutch is turned off not to transmit a rotational driving force of an engine to a rotor of the viscous heater, and further the rotational driving force of the engine is transmitted to the compressor. In this way, a torque applied to the engine E and the V-belt can be reduced, so that a fuel consumption ratio of the engine lowers and a fuel economical performance improves. Further, because an operation of the compressor is intermitted, it is possible to remove a fog of a front windshield, so that a safety of the vehicle travelling can be prevented from being deteriorated.

Abstract: When a driver performs a steering operation with a small steering angle when a vehicle is stopped, a viscous clutch of a viscous heater is turned on after setting an idling rotational speed of an engine to a high value to prevent an engine stall. Further, when a driver performs the steering operation with a large steering angle when the vehicle is stopped, the viscous clutch is not turned on so that the viscous heater is not operated, thereby greatly reducing a driving load applied to the engine and a V-belt thereof.

Abstract: A viscous heater for heating cooling water for cooling a water cooled engine is disposed in a cooling water circuit, and a front heater core is disposed in the cooling water circuit at a downstream side of the viscous heater with reference to a flow direction of the cooling water. Only when a heating operation is the maximum heating operation or the maximum heating operation is desired, a viscous clutch is turned on to transmit a driving force of the engine to the viscous heater. When the maximum heating operation is not desired, the viscous clutch is turned off so that the driving force of the engine is not transmitted to the viscous heater. Therefore, a load of the engine is reduced, and the cost for running the vehicle can be lowered.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus for a seat of a vehicle includes a seat air-blowing unit disposed in a lower portion of the seat, and a seat duct for blowing air from an air conditioning unit to the seat air-blowing unit. The air conditioning unit includes a case for forming therein a cool air passage and a warm air passage, and a switching door for opening and closing the cool air passage and the warm air passage. When a stationary state is set from a cool-down state during cooling mode, the switching door closes the cool air passage to fully open the warm air passage. Thus, inside air is introduced into the warm air passage from a foot air outlet of the air conditioning unit, is supplied to the seat air-blowing unit through the seat duct, and is blown from a seat surface of the seat toward a passenger seated on the seat. As a result, in the air conditioning apparatus, cool air and inside air can be readily switched with a simple structure.

Abstract: According to the present invention, when a vehicle speed is less than a set value (e.g., 40 km/h) and a throttle opening degree is more than a set value, it is determined that the vehicle is accelerating, and a viscous clutch is turned off. Therefore, a shearing operation of high-viscosity fluid by a rotor of a viscous heater is not performed. In this way, a driving load applied to an engine is reduced, so that an accelerating state suitable for an intention of a driver can be obtained. Further, when the vehicle speed is more than a set value (e.g., 40 km/h) and an engine rotational speed is more than a set value (e.g., 3500 r.p.m.), the viscous clutch is turned off, and a driving load applied to the engine and a V-belt is reduced.