Abstract: A gas turbine for power generation operated at a turbine nozzle inlet temperature ranging from 1200 to 1650° C., which is improved to obtain a high heat efficiency by making disk blades and nozzles arranged in first to final stages from optimum materials and optimally cooling these disk blades and nozzles, and to obtain a combined power generation system using the gas turbine. The combined power generation system includes a highly efficient gas turbine operated at a turbine nozzle inlet combustion gas temperature ranging from 1200 to 1650° C., and a high pressure-intermediate pressure-low pressure integral type steam turbine operated at a steam inlet temperature of 530° C. or more, wherein the gas turbine is configured such that turbine blades, nozzles and disks are each cooled, and the blades and nozzles are each made from an Ni-based alloy having a single crystal or columnar crystal structure and disks are made from a martensite steel.

Abstract: A gas turbine for power generation operated at a turbine nozzle inlet temperature ranging from 1200 to 1650° C., which is improved to obtain a high heat efficiency by making disk blades and nozzles arranged in first to final stages from optimum materials and optimally cooling these disk blades and nozzles, and to obtain a combined power generation system using the gas turbine. The combined power generation system includes a highly efficient gas turbine operated at a turbine nozzle inlet combustion gas temperature ranging from 1200 to 1650° C., and a high pressure-intermediate pressure-low pressure integral type steam turbine operated at a steam inlet temperature of 530° C. or more, wherein the gas turbine is configured such that turbine blades, nozzles and disks are each cooled, and the blades and nozzles are each made from an Ni-based alloy having a single crystal or columnar crystal structure and disks are made from a martensite steel.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine for power generation operated at a turbine nozzle inlet temperature ranging from 1200 to 1650° C., which is improved to obtain a high heat efficiency by making disk blades and nozzles arranged in first to final stages from optimum materials and optimally cooling these disk blades and nozzles, and a combined power generation system using the gas turbine.

Abstract: A compressor for a gas turbine, comprises a rotor including a plurality of rotor parts, and blades for a plurality of stages implanted in the rotor parts, the rotor part in which the blades for at least two of the stages are implanted is made of a Ni--Cr--Mo--V low alloy steel, and the Ni--Cr--Mo--V low alloy steel has substantially an entire bainite microstructure comprising, in weight percent, C of 0.15-0.40%, Si not more than 0.1%, Mn not more than 0.5%, Ni of 1.5-2.5%, Cr of 0.8-2.5%, Mo of 0.8-2.0%, V of 0.1-0.35% and the balance being substantially Fe.

Abstract: A compressor for a gas turbine, comprises a rotor including a plurality of rotor parts, and blades for a plurality of stages, e.g., twelve stages, implanted in the rotor parts, the rotor part in which the blades for at least two of the stages are implanted is made of a Ni--Cr--Mo--V low alloy steel, and the Ni--Cr--Mo--V low alloy steel has substantially an entire bainite microstructure comprising, in weight percent, C of 0.15-0.40%, Si not more than 0.1%, Mn not more than 0.5%, Ni of 1.5-2.5%, Cr of 0.8-2.5%, Mo of 0.8-2.0%, V of 0.1-0.35% and the balance being substantially Fe. Blades for at least two of the stages are implanted in one of the rotor parts.

Abstract: A ceramic coated heat-resistant element comprises a heat resisting alloy base mainly composed of Ni and/or Co and a heat-resistant coating layer provided on the surface of the base and is characterized in that said heat-resistant coating layer comprises a metal layer of an alloy superior to the base in high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance and provided on the base, an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ceramic thin film layer provided on the metal layer, a ZrO.sub.2 ceramic coating layer having dense texture provided on the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ceramic thin film layer and a ZrO.sub.2 ceramic coating layer having columnar texture provided on the ZrO.sub.2 ceramic coating layer having dense texture cracks are present only in the ZrO.sub.2 ceramic coating layer having columnar texture in the direction of thickness along the boundary of the columns. A mixed layer composed of a metal superior to the base in high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance and a ZrO.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides ceramic coated heat-resistant elements which suffer no damages even under high heat load conditions and can afford a thermal barrier effect stably for a long period of time and can be used, for example, as buckets and stationary blades of turbines. A method for making the elements is also provided. The ceramic coated heat-resistant element comprises a heat resisting alloy base mainly composed of Ni and/or Co and a heat-resistant coating layer provided on the surface of the base and is characterized in that said heat-resistant coating layer comprises a metal layer of an alloy superior to the base in high-temperature corrosion and oxidation resistance and provided on the base, an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ceramic thin film layer provided on the metal layer, a ZrO.sub.2 ceramic coating layer having dense texture provided on the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ceramic thin film layer and a ZrO.sub.2 ceramic coating layer having columnar texture provided on the ZrO.sub.

Abstract: An axial flow compressor for use in a gas turbine or other industrial application having an improved efficiency is provided through modification of the blade shape and profile of the blades subject to a subsonic high velocity inlet flow so as to avoid shock losses in the blade rows, and improve the total efficiency. The curvature distribution on the suction surface of the stator blade rows or rotor blade rows of the axial flow compressor is adapted to have a local minimum in a region toward the leading edge of the blade, and then a local maximum. Thereby, an excessive increment in velocity on the suction surface from the leading edge to the position of the maximum velocity can be suppressed, and the occurrence of a shock wave can be avoided so as to minimize pressure loss in the blade rows, thus increasing the total efficiency of the axial compressor.

Abstract: A coated layer of this invention is composed of a lower alloy-coated layer 2 formed of an MCrAlY alloy whose principal element is Co or Co and Ni, an upper alloy-coated layer 1 formed of an MCrAlY alloy whose principal element is Ni and a portion 4 in which an Al content of the surface portion of the upper coated layer 1 is largest and is reduced gradually towards a more internal part. Manufacturing thereof involves the steps of forming the lower and upper coated layers and effecting an Al diffusion treatment into the upper coated layer. The upper coated layer having the portion which exhibits the large Al content contributes to a high-temperature anticorrosive property. A gas turbine blade is provided with the alloy-coated layer, wherein the lower coated layer incorporates a composite function to prevent a high-temperature corrosion of a base material when cracks are caused in the upper coated layer due to thermal stress.

Abstract: A high-temperature gas turbine includes a compressor, and a turbine coupled to the compressor, the turbine being capable of rotating at a high speed by a gas of firing temperature generated by a combustor. The compressor includes a combined type rotor shaft and blades of at least 15 stages which are implanted in the combined type rotor shaft. The compressor compresses air to a temperature of 400.degree. C. or above. The combined type rotor shaft is made of Ni--Cr--Mo--V low alloy steel having all bainitic microstructure whose composition consists, as analyzed in weight percent, of 0.15-0.40% C, 0.1% or less Si, 0.5% or less Mn, 1.5-2.5% Ni, 0.8-2.5% Cr, 0.8-2.0% Mo, 0.1-0.35% V and the balance substantially of Fe.

Abstract: The present invention effectively cools members with a small amount of cooling air. Turbulence promotor ribs are formed so that cooling fluid along a wall flows from a center of the wall to both end portions of the wall. A highly enhanced thermal conducting effect, namely high cooling heat transfer coefficient, can be obtained, and it is possible to cool members effectively with the small amount of cooling air.

Abstract: A high-temperature gas turbine includes a compressor, and a turbine coupled to the compressor, the turbine being capable of rotating at a high speed by a gas of firing temperature generated by a combustor. The compressor includes a combined type rotor shaft and blades of at least 15 stages which are implanted in the combined type rotor shaft. The compressor compresses air to a temperature of 400.degree. C. or above. The combined type rotor shaft is made of Ni--Cr--Mo--V low alloy steel having all bainitic microstructure whose composition consists, as analyzed in weight percent, of 0.15-0.40% C, 0.1% or less Si, 0.5% or less Mn, 1.5-2.5% Ni, 0.8-2.5% Cr, 0.8-2.0% Mo, 0.1-0.35% V and the balance substantially of Fe.

Abstract: A burner comprises at least one swirl member for mixing a fuel with an air previously to burning of the fuel, and at least one eddy generating device which is arranged in a flow of a mixture of the fuel and air to generate an eddy flow in the flow so that the eddy flow maintains a shape of a flame of the burned fuel. The at least one eddy generating device is arranged apart from a downstream end of the swirl member by a fixed sufficient distance so that the shape of the flame maintained by the eddy flow is prevented from moving toward the downstream end of the swirler member.

Abstract: A method of starting wherein the gas turbine, a gas turbine is started while injecting a prescribed amount of moisture into a combustor or a path for combustion gas from start up of the gas turbine, and the amount of moisture is varied in dependence upon the feed quantity of fuel or the temperature of the combustion gas so that combustion temperature in the combustor or temperature variation rate of the surfaces of component parts of the gas path is approximately constant.

Abstract: A gas turbine rotor warming structure comprises a tubular member having an axially extending central through hole and a plurality of fine holes formed in a side wall thereof. The tubular member is inserted in central holes of rotor disks each having blades so as to form an annular gap between the inner surfaces of the central holes and the outer surface of the tubular member. The plurality of fine holes of the tubular member are formed so as to face the inner peripheral surface of the central holse of the rotor disks, so that gas extracted from a compressor is injected into the annular gap through the fine holes and impinges on the inner peripheral surfaces of the rotor disks, whereby inner peripheral portions of the rotor disks are warmed at the time of starting of the gas turbine. The extracted compressor gas which has warmed the inner peripheral portions of the rotor disks passes between the disks and cools the turbine blades.

Abstract: The life expectancy of a mechanical structure that undergoes repeated loading is estimated by determining the maximum crack length on the surface of the structure. The maximum length of the cracks on the surface of the structure is related to the life ratio of the structure, wherein the life ratio is a ratio of the number of loads the structure has undergone to the number of loads the structure will undergo until failure. An optical system is used to measure the crack length of the cracks on the surface of the structure being inspected. A statistical distribution of greatest length cracks for a sampling of areas within a larger area can be made. Apparatus is provided to statistically process such distribution data to obtain a statistically estimated maximum length crack for the larger area. The maximum crack length determination can be used to estimate the life expectancy of the structure from the relationship between crack length and life ratio.

Abstract: The fuel cell of this invention has the following electrolyte plate and separator plate.An electrolyte plate made of ceramics which is interposed between an anode and a cathode which are arranged opposite to each other.A separator plate which is laminated on the back surface of each of the anode and cathode and which is made of such a material and in such a composition that the expansion coefficient thereof is nearly equal to that of the electrolyte plate.According to the above construction, tensile stress applied to the electrolyte plate due to a change in temperature can be reduced and cracking of the electrolyte plate which may occur with lapse of time can be prevented.

Abstract: A method of starting a turbine having a shrinkage-fitted rotor provided by shrinkage-fitting discs onto a shaft comprises the steps of raising the temperature of the rotor above a predetermined temperature determined from a physical value of the material constituting the rotor and, thereafter, raising the rotational speed of the turbine from the turning speed to the rated speed, whereby the centrifugal stress on raising the speed acts on the discs in a state wherein the value of fracture toughness of the discs fitted on to the shaft has increased.