Abstract: The internal combustion engine (1) has a throttle (23) for controlling an intake air amount and performs start-up through cranking. The starter switch (36) detects cranking initiation, and the crank angle sensor (33, 34) detects the number of revolutions of the engine. The controller (31) drives the throttle (23) in a closed position along with the cranking initiation. The controller (31) can obtain both the intake negative pressure for promoting vaporization of fuel and the intake air amount necessary to maintain the idle rotation speed by counting the number of strokes or the number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine (1) from the cranking initiation and opening the throttle (23) from the closed position as the count number reaches a predetermined number.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine (1) has a throttle (23) for controlling an intake air amount and performs start-up through cranking. As the cranking is initiated, an atmospheric pressure is detected and an initial opening is set accordingly. The controller (31) controls the throttle (23) to the initial opening when the cranking is initiated, and controls the throttle to start to increase the throttle opening from the initial opening at a predetermined timing after the cranking initiation. By setting the initial opening based on one or both of the atmospheric pressure and the temperature at the time of cranking initiation, the intake negative pressure and the intake air amount are optimized.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine (1) has a throttle (23) for controlling an intake air amount and performs start-up through cranking. As the cranking is initiated, an atmospheric pressure is detected and an initial opening is set accordingly. The controller (31) controls the throttle (23) to the initial opening when the cranking is initiated, and controls the throttle to start to increase the throttle opening from the initial opening at a predetermined timing after the cranking initiation. By setting the initial opening based on one or both of the atmospheric pressure and the temperature at the time of cranking initiation, the intake negative pressure and the intake air amount are optimized.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine (1) has a throttle (23) for controlling an intake air amount and performs start-up through cranking. The starter switch (36) detects cranking initiation, and the crank angle sensor (33, 34) detects the number of revolutions of the engine. The controller (31) drives the throttle (23) in a closed position along with the cranking initiation. The controller (31) can obtain both the intake negative pressure for promoting vaporization of fuel and the intake air amount necessary to maintain the idle rotation speed by counting the number of strokes or the number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine (1) from the cranking initiation and opening the throttle (23) from the closed position as the count number reaches a predetermined number.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of a vehicle is provided with an exhaust cleaning apparatus and control method. In the exhaust cleaning apparatus and method, exhaust from a combustion chamber is conducted to a main catalytic converter disposed in a main exhaust channel. A fuel cutting operation is performed upon determining a deceleration state in the vehicle and establishment of a condition for stopping fuel supply to the engine. Then, a main-channel blocking device closes the main exhaust channel so that the exhaust flows through a bypass catalytic converter disposed in a bypass exhaust channel upstream from the main catalytic converter and then merges again with the main exhaust channel upstream from the main catalytic converter after the fuel cutting operation and upon determining one of either an elapsed of a prescribed period of time, or an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust reaching a stable state.

Abstract: An engine controller for engine control apparatus is configured to retard an ignition timing, from an engine starting mode timing to a catalyst warm-up mode timing at an idle attainment moment at which an engine idling condition is reached, and to regulate an intake air quantity at a prior moment prior to the idle attainment moment. Moreover, the controller increases a fuel injection quantity by an increase quantity during a period from the prior moment until an intake settlement moment at which an intake air condition settles down. The controller sets the increase quantity of the fuel injection quantity in accordance with a parameter representing a condition of the intake air or fuel supplied to the engine.

Abstract: An engine start control apparatus includes an intake air amount control device for controlling an amount of air supplied to a combustion chamber, a fuel supply device for injecting fuel to be fed into the combustion chamber, and an igniting device for igniting the fuel.

Abstract: An engine controller for engine control apparatus is configured to retard an ignition timing, from an engine starting mode timing to a catalyst warm-up mode timing at an idle attainment moment at which an engine idling condition is reached, and to regulate an intake air quantity at a prior moment prior to the idle attainment moment. Moreover, the controller increases a fuel injection quantity by an increase quantity during a period from the prior moment until an intake settlement moment at which an intake air condition settles down. The controller sets the increase quantity of the fuel injection quantity in accordance with a parameter representing a condition of the intake air or fuel supplied to the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine of a vehicle is provided with an exhaust cleaning apparatus and control method. In the exhaust cleaning apparatus and method, exhaust from a combustion chamber is conducted to a main catalytic converter disposed in a main exhaust channel. A fuel cutting operation is performed upon determining a deceleration state in the vehicle and establishment of a condition for stopping fuel supply to the engine. Then, a main-channel blocking device closes the main exhaust channel so that the exhaust flows through a bypass catalytic converter disposed in a bypass exhaust channel upstream from the main catalytic converter and then merges again with the main exhaust channel upstream from the main catalytic converter after the fuel cutting operation and upon determining one of either an elapsed of a prescribed period of time, or an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust reaching a stable state.

Abstract: An engine start control apparatus includes an intake air amount control device for controlling an amount of air supplied to a combustion chamber, a fuel supply device for injecting fuel to be fed into the combustion chamber, and an igniting device for igniting the fuel.

Abstract: A fuel property determination system for an internal combustion engine is arranged to determine a fuel property indicative that fuel in use is heavy or light, on the basis of a degree of change of a revolution speed during a period from an expansion stroke of a first fuel injection cylinder at engine start to an expansion stroke of a final fuel injection cylinder in a first round as to all cylinders of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel property determination system for an internal combustion engine is arranged to determine a fuel property indicative that fuel in use is heavy or light, on the basis of a degree of change of a revolution speed during a period from an expansion stroke of a first fuel injection cylinder at engine start to an expansion stroke of a final fuel injection cylinder in a first round as to all cylinders of the engine.

Abstract: This invention provides a high-molecular-weight, sterically regulated methacrylic polymer having high stereoregularity, a narrow distribution of molecular weights, and a high molecular weight, comprising methacrylates as units containing triphenyl amino groups etc. in side chains. The sterically regulated methacrylic polymer comprises 50 to 100 mol-% unit based on methacrylate (1) having a tertiary amino group bound to at least two aromatic rings in a side chain, wherein the number-average molecular weight (Mn) is 5000 to 2000000, the poly dispersity coefficient (Mw/Mn) is 1 to 1.5, and the syndiotacticity of the methacrylic polymer is 70% or more in 2-units expression (%rr).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing block copolymers comprising steps which consist in: polymerising a first monomer using an organolanthanide catalyst wherein said catalyst in the form of a hydride complex of a trivalent metal from the group of rare earths; then in polymerising at least a second monomer. The invention also concerns block copolymers whereof the blocks are polyolefins.

Abstract: This invention provides an easily synthesized trivalent organic lanthanoid complex which can be used as a polymerization catalyst for (meth) acrylic monomers.

Abstract: This invention provides a high-molecular-weight, sterically regulated methacrylic polymer having high stereoregularity, a narrow distribution of molecular weights, and a high molecular weight, comprising methacrylates as units containing triphenyl amino groups etc. in side chains.

Abstract: No matter how large or small a data capacity in an address space is, code efficiency and data processing performance are improved without deteriorating the usage comfort of a CPU. Since a data processor is configured employing an instruction control unit (CONT) capable of changing interpretation of identical instructions according to dynamic switching of operation modes, dynamic switching can be made between the operation mode that limits data areas in an address space to give higher priority to higher code efficiency and quicker instruction fetch, and the operation mode that eliminates limitations on usable data areas to the fullest extent possible. Thereby, the advantages of instructions of contracted form and the like can be offered without deteriorating the usage comfort of the CPU.

Abstract: An A-B-A type of block copolymer consisting of polymer block A of (meth)acrylate and polymer block B of olefin, having a Mw/Mn of 1.0 to 2.5, is disclosed. This block copolymer can be produced by polymerizing an olefin using a particular rare earth compound as an initiator, and then polymerizing the formed polymer with a (meth)acrylate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a biodegradable copolymer and a biodegradable article molded therefrom, said copolymer having a number average molecular weight ranging from 1,000 to 1,000,000 consisting essentially of (A) from 5 to 99% by mol of epsilon-caprolactone or delta-valerolactone structural units and (B) from 95 to 1% by mol of oxetane structural units, said structural units being combined in the state of a block, and containing an organic aluminum-based Lewis acid represented by general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having a carbon number ranging from 1 to 4, Y is independently selected from a substituted group, and p is any one of 1, 2 and 3. Also disclosed are block polymers of lactone and dimethyltrimethylene carbonate and blends of polylactone with polyoxetane.

Abstract: A process for preparing a block copolymer of an .alpha.-olefin and a vinyl compound is here disclosed which comprises the steps of polymerizing an olefin selected from ethylene and the .alpha.-olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms by the use of a divalent or a trivalent rare earth metal complex, and then polymerizing a vinyl compound, a vinylidene compound or a lactone. According to the process of the present invention, a polar group can be introduced into a polyolefin, whereby the characteristics of the polymer can be effectively improved.