Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength austenitic stainless steel and a method for producing same, wherein the austenitic stainless steel has high productivity due to excellent hot workability thereof and a superior cost reduction effect due to a large decrease in content of nickel (Ni) which is a high-priced element, and has a yield strength of 450 MPa or more and an elongation of 45% or more after cold rolling and annealing and an ultra-high strength of 1800 MPa or more even after skin pass rolling, and a method for producing same.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a composition for inducing or maintaining an immune response against SARS-COV-2 virus.

Abstract: Provided is a non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel. According to an embodiment of the disclosed non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel, the non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel includes, in percent by weight (wt %), 0.01 to 0.1% of carbon (C), 1.5% or less (excluding 0) of silicon (Si), 0.5 to 3.5% of manganese (Mn), 16 to 22% of chromium (Cr), 7 to 15% of nickel (Ni), 3% or less of molybdenum (Mo), 0.01 to 0.3% of nitrogen (N), and the remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, wherein a value of Expression (1) below is a negative value: (1) 3*(Cr+Mo)+5*Si?65*(C+N)?2*(Ni+Mn)?28, wherein in Expression (1), Cr, Mo, Si, C, N, Ni, and Mn denote contents (wt %) of the alloy elements, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed is an austenitic stainless steel having an increased yield ratio. The disclosed austenitic stainless steel is characterized by comprising, in percent by weight (wt %), 0.1% or less (exclusive of 0) of C, 0.2% or less (exclusive of 0) of N, 1.5 to 2.5% of Si, 6.0 to 10.0% of Mn, 15.0 to 17.0% of Cr, 0.3% or less (exclusive of 0) of Ni, 2.0 to 3.0% of Cu, and the remainder of Fe and other inevitable impurities, and satisfying Expressions (1) and (2) below. 3.2?5.53+1.4Ni?0.16Cr+17.1(C+N)+0.722Mn+1.4Cu?5.59Si?7??Expression (1): 551?462(C+N)?9.2Si?8.1Mn?13.7Cr?29(Ni+Cu)?110??Expression (2): wherein C, N, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, and Cu indicate the content (wt %) of respective elements.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ferritic stainless steel and a manufacturing method wherein the ferritic stainless steel has magnetic properties improved by controlling alloy components and a manufacturing process in order to increase responsiveness to an externally applied magnetic field. The ferritic stainless steel having improved magnetic properties according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise, by % by weight, C: 0% (exclusive) to 0.02% (inclusive), N: 0% (exclusive) to 0.02% (inclusive), Si: 0.5% to 2.0% (both inclusive), Mn: 0.1% to 0.3% (both inclusive), Cr: 16.0% to 20.1% (both inclusive), Mo: 1.0% (exclusive) to 2.0% (inclusive), Ti: 0.1% to 0.4% (both inclusive), and the balance of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A method for purifying a target protein in high yield is disclosed. The target protein includes a membrane protein. The purification method optimizes crushing and elution conditions during processes of separation and purification of membrane proteins, and when using the method to purify membrane proteins, the membrane proteins can be purified in a higher yield that is not less than 100 times compared to conventional homogenizer or sonic pulverization process. In addition, the purification method render removals of nuclei, peroxisomes, and lysosomes, thereby reducing DNA contamination and protein damage by proteases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength austenitic stainless steel having excellent hot workability. The high-strength austenitic stainless steel having excellent hot workability according to the present disclosure includes, in percent by weight (wt %), 0.01 to 0.035% of C, 0.5% or less of Si, 0.5 to 1.5% of Mn, 17 to 22% of Cr, 6 to 11% of Ni, 1% or less of Mo, 1% or less of Cu, 0.1 to 0.22% of N, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein a value of Formula (1) below 1.9 or more, or a precipitation temperature of chromium nitride satisfies a value represented by Formula (2) below or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength austenitic stainless steel and a method for producing same, wherein the austenitic stainless steel has high productivity due to excellent hot workability thereof and a superior cost reduction effect due to a large decrease in content of nickel (Ni) which is a high-priced element, and has a yield strength of 450 MPa or more and an elongation of 45% or more after cold rolling and annealing and an ultra-high strength of 1800 MPa or more even after skin pass rolling, and a method for producing same.

Abstract: Provided is a non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel. According to an embodiment of the disclosed non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel, the non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel includes, in percent by weight (wt %), 0.01 to 0.1% of carbon (C), 1.5% or less (excluding 0) of silicon (Si), 0.5 to 3.5% of manganese (Mn), 16 to 22% of chromium (Cr), 7 to 15% of nickel (Ni), 3% or less of molybdenum (Mo), 0.01 to 0.3% of nitrogen (N), and the remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, wherein a value of Expression (1) below is a negative value: (1) 3*(Cr+Mo)+5*Si?65*(C+N)?2*(Ni+Mn)?28, wherein in Expression (1), Cr, Mo, Si, C, N, Ni, and Mn denote contents (wt %) of the alloy elements, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed is an austenitic stainless steel having an increased yield ratio. The disclosed austenitic stainless steel is characterized by comprising, in percent by weight (wt %), 0.1% or less (exclusive of 0) of C, 0.2% or less (exclusive of 0) of N, 1.5 to 2.5% of Si, 6.0 to 10.0% of Mn, 15.0 to 17.0% of Cr, 0.3% or less (exclusive of 0) of Ni, 2.0 to 3.0% of Cu, and the remainder of Fe and other inevitable impurities, and satisfying Expressions (1) and (2) below. 3.2?5.53+1.4Ni?0.16Cr+17.1(C+N)+0.722Mn+1.4Cu?5.59Si?7??Expression (1): 551-462(C+N)?9.2Si?8.1Mn?13.7Cr?29(Ni+Cu)?110??Expression (2): wherein C, N, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, and Cu indicate the content (wt %) of respective elements.

Abstract: Provided is an austenitic stainless steel having improved strength. This austenitic stainless steel includes, in percent (%) by weight, 0.06 to 0.15% of carbon (C), 0.3% or less (excluding 0) of nitrogen (N), more than 1.0% and equal to or less than 2.0% of silicon (Si), 5.0 to 7.0% of manganese (Mn), 15.0 to 16.0% of chromium (Cr), 0.3% or less (excluding 0) of nickel (Ni), 2.5% or less (excluding 0) of copper (Cu), and the remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, and satisfies Expressions (1), (2), and (3) below: 15?0.2Mn+337C+1.2Cu?1.7Cr+3.3Ni+78N?3.5Si+3.0?30 ??Expression (1): 2.3?[Cr+1.5Si]/[Ni+0.31Mn+22C+1Cu+14.2N]?3.0 ??Expression (2): 1.0?((Cr+1.5Si+18)/(Ni+0.52Cu+30(C+N)+0.5Mn+36)+0.262)*161?161?7.0 ??Expression (3): wherein C, N, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, and Cu refer to contents of the elements, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed are austenitic stainless steel that can exhibit high strength while having non-magnetic properties, and a manufacturing method thereof. The high strength non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel according to an embodiment of present disclosure includes, in percent (%) by weight of the entire composition, C: 0.02 to 0.12%, Si: 1.2% or less, Mn: 0.5 to 2.0%, Cr: 17.0 to 22.0%, Ni: 11.0 to 15.0%, Mo: 3.0% or less, N: 0.25% or less, the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, satisfies C+N: 0.25% or more, and satisfies following Formulas (1) and (2). [{Cr+Mo+1.5*Si+18}/{Ni+30*(C+N)+0.5*Mn+36}+0.262]*161?161?log(cooling rate)<0??(1) 551?462*(C+N)?9.2*Si?8.1*Mn?13.7*Cr?29*Ni?18.

Abstract: A non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel includes, in percent (%) by weight of the entire composition, C: 0.01 to 0.05%, Si: 1.5% or less, Mn: 0.5 to 3.5%, Cr: 17.0 to 22.0%, Ni: 9.0 to 14.0%, Mo: 1.0% or less, Cu: 0.2 to 2.5%, N: 0.05 to 0.25%, the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, and satisfies following Formulas (1) and (2). (1) 0?3*(Cr+Mo)+5*Si?65*(C+N)?2*(Ni+Mn)?27?5 and (2) 660?500*(C+N)?10*Cr?30*(Ni+Si+Mo+Cu)?0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel with improved strength and surface conductivity. An austenitic stainless steel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes, in percent (%) by weight of the entire composition, C: 0.07 to 0.2%, N: 0.15 to 0.4%, Si: 0.8 to 2%, Mn: 16 to 22%, S: 0.01% or less (excluding 0), Cr: 12.5 to 20%, Cu: 1 to 3%, the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, and satisfies the following equation (1). Ni+0.65Cr+1.05Mn+0.35Si+12.6C+33.6N?40??(1) Ni, Cr, Mn, Si, C, N are % by weight of each element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance which is applicable to an environment requiring corrosion resistance along with excellent non-magnetic properties, and manufacturing method thereof. The non-magnetic austenitic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes, in percent (%) by weight of the entire composition, C: 0.05% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 0.5 to 2.0%, Cr: 16 to 24%, Ni: 10 to 16%, N: 0.2% or less, the remainder of iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, and satisfies a following equation (1). Ni??2.7?5.8*C?1.77*Si?0.066*Mn+0.893*Cr+1.05*Mo?0.88*Cu?13.

Abstract: A lean duplex stainless steel and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The lean duplex stainless steel includes, in percent (%) by weight of the entire composition, 0.08% or less of carbon (C) (excluding 0), 0.7 to 1.1% of silicon (Si), 2.4 to 3.5% of manganese (Mn), 17.9 to 20.7% of chromium (Cr), 0.05 to 1.15% of nickel (Ni), 0.18 to 0.3% of nitrogen (N), 0.4 to 2.8% of copper (Cu), and the remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, wherein a predicted pitting potential is from 360 to 440 mV. Thus, manufacturing costs may be reduced via adjustment of components of the duplex stainless steel and both of formability and corrosion resistance may be improved by improving corrosion resistance and increasing elongation. Formability may be improved by inhibiting formation of thermal martensite and increasing elongation via adjustment of cooling conditions during coiling and cooling after hot rolling.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate cleaning apparatus of cleaning a substrate. The substrate cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning chamber, a first cleaning nozzle, a cover member, an air flow generation unit, and an exhaust unit. The main cleaning chamber has a cleaning space in which the substrate is cleaned and includes a sidewall in which a first vent hole is defined. The first cleaning nozzle is disposed in the main cleaning chamber to spray a first cleaning solution. The cover member covers the main cleaning chamber and has one side in which a second vent hole is defined. The air flow generation unit supplies air into the cleaning space through the first vent hole. The exhaust unit is coupled to the one side of the cover member to suck and exhaust the air supplied into the cleaning space through the second vent hole.

Abstract: In a 6F2 cell structure of a memory device and a method of fabricating the same, the plurality of active regions may have a first area at both end portions and a second area at a central portion. A portion of a bit-line contact pad may be positioned on the second area and the other portion may be positioned on a third area of the substrate that may not overlap with the plurality of active regions. The bit line may be connected with the bit-line contact pad at the third area. The cell structure may be more easily formed despite a 6F2-structured unit cell. The plurality of active regions may have an elliptical shape including major and minor axes. The plurality of active regions may be positioned in a major axis direction to thereby form an active row, and may be positioned in a minor axis direction in such a structure that a center of the plurality of active regions is shifted from that of an adjacent active region in a neighboring active row.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide stainless steel for high vacuum and high purity gas tube applications not having intrusion of impure particles into a processing gas and being cost-efficient. In order to accomplish the object, the present invention provides an austenitic stainless steel for a high vacuum and high purity gas tube application, the stainless steel including, in percent by weight, 0.1% or less of C, 1% or less of Si, 0.5 to 2% of Mn, 0.05% or less of P, 0.01% or less of S, 15 to 30% of Cr, 7 to 20% of Ni, 4% or less of Mo, 3% or less of Cu, 0.05% or less of N, 0.01% or less of B, 0.01% or less of O, a remaining part of Fe, and unavoidable impurities, wherein Ti content is limited to 0.005% or less, Al content is limited to 0.005 to 0.05%, and Ca content is limited to 0.0005 to 0.003%.

Abstract: In a method of exposing a substrate to light and an apparatus for performing the method, a first optical unit configured to generate at least two lights and including a photomask, the at least two lights having pattern information of the photomask, and a second optical unit configured to direct the at least two lights along different paths and onto a substrate.