Abstract: Optical encoding systems include a generalized cylindrical code scale having one or more regions with different light reflective properties. In an example process, a code scale can be created by coating an elongated generalized cylinder with one or more different layers of materials having different light reflective properties. Portions of these layers can be removed selectively in order to expose a particular overlying material and create a particular pattern of features having different optical characteristics (e.g., absorbing, specularly reflecting, diffusely reflecting).

Abstract: Fabricating a wafer-scale spacer/optics structure includes replicating optical replication elements and spacer replication sections directly onto an optics wafer (or other wafer) using a single replication tool. The replicated optical elements and spacer elements can be composed of the same or different materials.

Abstract: Optical encoding systems include a generalized cylindrical code scale having one or more regions with different light reflective properties. In an example process, a code scale can be created by coating an elongated generalized cylinder with one or more different layers of materials having different light reflective properties. Portions of these layers can be removed selectively in order to expose a particular overlying material and create a particular pattern of features having different optical characteristics (e.g., absorbing, specularly reflecting, diffusely reflecting).

Abstract: Fabricating a wafer-scale spacer/optics structure includes replicating optical replication elements and spacer replication sections directly onto an optics wafer (or other wafer) using a single replication tool. The replicated optical elements and spacer elements can be composed of the same or different materials.

Abstract: Fabricating a wafer-scale spacer/optics structure includes replicating optical replication elements and spacer replication sections directly onto an optics wafer (or other wafer) using a single replication tool. The replicated optical elements and spacer elements can be composed of the same or different materials.

Abstract: A flash module comprises an optics portion that includes a base plate, a light guide on a first side of the base plate, and a lens element on a second side of the base plate. A casing is attached to the optics portion and defines an interior region in which the lens element is located. An active light emitting component is mounted within the casing. Sidewalls of the light guide are coated with first and second layers of different materials. The second layer is a coating over the first layer and is substantially non-transparent to light emitted by the active light emitting component. The first layer can provide a predetermined aesthetic appearance and can be selected, for example, to match the color of the exterior surface of a device in which the flash module is to be integrated.

Abstract: Fabricating a wafer-scale spacer/optics structure includes replicating optical replication elements and spacer replication sections directly onto an optics wafer (or other wafer) using a single replication tool. The replicated optical elements and spacer elements can be composed of the same or different materials.