Abstract: A method for detecting a seized or still standing roller in a track of rollers in a continuous casting machine, in which each roller is rotatably mounted in supporting members and is arranged with its axis substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the track so that the rollers are arranged to transport elongated material produced in the machine. The method includes measuring a load exerted on at least one supporting member of each roller, with the load being substantially parallel with the extent of the track. The existence of a seized or still standing roller is established when the load deviates from a predetermined value by virtue of a force induced on the roller by seizure or stoppage of the roller at the contact with the transported material.

Abstract: A method for detecting an at least partly bulging portion of an elongated material produced in a continuous casting machine in which the machine has a plurality of rollers arranged in two tracks converging towards each other to transport the material, with the rollers being divided into at least two roller portions each rotatably mounted in supporting members. The method involves measuring the radial load exerted by the material on each supporting member of the roller portions of a roller, comparing the radial load values of the supporting members arranged in the ends of roller portions facing away from each other with those of the supporting members arranged in the ends of the roller portions facing each other to ascertain a divergence, and establishing that an at least partly bulging portion of the material exists where the divergence exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method for detecting an at least partly arched roller in a continuous casting machine in which the machine includes a plurality of rollers forming upper and lower tracks and arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the tracks, with the rollers being rotatably mounted in supporting members to transport elongated material produced in the machine. The method includes measuring the reaction forces resulting in the supporting members by counteracting the weight of the roller and the load from the material and any dynamic forces exerted by the material on the roller, with the measuring being made at least two times during a rotation of the roller and at at least one of the supporting members of the roller. The presence of an at least partly arched roller is established based on a considerable fluctuation of the reaction force value during a rotation of the roller.

Abstract: A method for detecting a misaligned roller portion of a roller in a continuous casting machine, in which the machine includes rollers arranged in a row after each other, with the rollers being divided into at least two roller portions each rotatably mounted in supporting members and arranged for transporting produced material. The method involves measuring the radial load exerted by the material on each supporting member of the roller portions of a roller, comparing the radial loads of the supporting members at the outer ends of the roller with each other, comparing the radial loads of the supporting members at the inner ends of the roller with each other, and determining a misaligned roller portion where the divergence between the radial loads of the supporting members of the outer ends of the roller and/or the supporting members of the inner ends of the roller exceed a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method for detecting a roller failure at a roller in a continuous casting machine having a plurality of rollers arranged in a row and rotatably supported in bearings for transporting material produced in the machine involves determining a radial target load value exerted by the material on a roller, measuring the actual load value on at least each second roller in the row of rollers, comparing the measured actual load value with the determined target load value, detecting a possible divergence between the actual load value and the target load value, and establishing the presence of a roller failure upon detection of such divergence.

Abstract: Thermal protective shield to be used in connection with hot gases in engines, particularly for the combustion of solid, liquid or gaseous fuels or in e.g. Stirling engines driven by solar energy. The thermal protective shield consists of a multi-layer material, wherein at least two layers are joined to each other over a surface corresponding to the entire surface exposed to the hot gases, and wherein the outer layer facing the hot gas consits of an alloy of the type iron-chrome-aluminium. Preferably, the layers are joined together by hot-rolling.