Abstract: Modified chemical structures of cardanol extracted from cashew nut shell oil, and the use of the same to prepare imidazolium ionic liquids (IILs). The IILs can be used to prepare different types of silica, magnetite and calcium carbonate nanoparticles (NPs) as multifunctional oilfield chemicals for use in various oil spill collection, de-emulsification, viscosity improvement, asphaltene dispersant, and enhanced oil recovery applications.

Abstract: The method of preparing biogenic silver nanoparticles includes preparing an aqueous plant extract by boiling cut leaves of Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson in distilled water, retaining the aqueous extract. The aqueous plant extracts were mixed with aqueous solutions of silver ions derived from different silver salt precursors (e.g., silver nitrate, silver sulfate, etc.). The resulting biogenic silver nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial activity against various strains of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including some strains of drug-resistant microorganisms. The biogenic silver nanoparticles also exhibit anticancer activity against certain human cancer cell lines. Surprisingly, biogenic silver nanoparticles prepared from nitrate precursor exhibited greater anticancer activity than nanoparticles from sulfate precursor, while biogenic silver nanoparticles prepared from sulfate precursor exhibited greater antibacterial activity than nanoparticles from nitrate precursor.

Abstract: Multifunctional cancer targeting nanoparticles include a magnetic central core including gold coated iron oxide, an outer layer including trimethyl chitosan microspheres and folic acid and a linker between the central core and the outer layer, the linker including cysteamine. An anti-cancer drug can be supported by the outer layer. The multifunctional cancer targeting nanoparticle can provide simultaneous cancer cell diagnosis and therapy. An amount of heat and an amount of the anti-cancer drug released by the nanoparticle can be controlled by application of a magnetic field.

Abstract: A template-free method of preparing zeolites from biomass can include using rice husk ash waste material as a precursor material. The zeolites can include ZSM-5 zeolites, such as, hierarchical pure zeolites and metal-loaded (Cu, Ni) ZSM-5 zeolites. This method allows for production of zeolites in a low cost and environmentally friendly manner. These ZSM-5 zeolites may be used for numerous applications, including killing cancer cells. The cancer cells may be human lung cancer cells.

Abstract: The modification of sand with superhydrophobic silica/wax nanoparticles may provide for water storage, applicable, for example, in desert environments. In particular, highly thermal stable superhydrophobic coats for sand are made of nanoparticles composed of superhydrophobic silica capped with paraffin wax. Superhydrophobic sand modified by such nanoparticles addresses issues of water storage in desert environments, capitalizing on sand resource utilization. Superhydrophobic sand, as modified, has excellent water repellency and great water-holding capacity. The superhydrophobic sand modified with superhydrophobic silica/wax nanoparticles can be applied for the desert water storage for agriculture and planting.

Abstract: Hydrophobic nanoparticle compositions include silica nanoparticles capped with asphaltene succinimide alkoxy silane (ASAS). The nanoparticles can have a particle size ranging from about 20 nm to about 10000 ?m. The nanoparticle compositions can be used as a coating for raw sand to provide a super-hydrophobic sand. The nanoparticle compositions can be used as a coating for a polyurethane (PU) sponge to provide a super-hydrophobic sponge. The super-hydrophobic sand and/or super-hydrophobic sponge can be used to collect crude oil deposited in aquatic environments as a result of petroleum crude oil spills.

Abstract: The method of making a porous carbon electrode is a chemical activation-based method of making a porous nanocarbon electrode for supercapacitors and the like. Recycled jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) peel waste is used as a precursor carbon source for producing the porous nanocarbon. A volume of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) peel is collected, dried and then heated under vacuum to produce precursor carbon. The precursor carbon is mixed with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to form a mixture, which is then stirred, dried and heated to yield porous nanocarbon. The porous nanocarbon is mixed with a binder, such as poly(vinylidenedifluoride), acetylene black, and an organic solvent, such as n-methyl pyrrolidinone, to form a paste. This paste is then coated on a strip of nickel foil to form the porous carbon electrode.

Abstract: The anti-quorum and DNA cleaving agent is directed to a ruthenium complex formulated from dichloro-(?6-p-cymene) ruthenium(II) dimer and 2-chloroquinoxaline, the complex having the formula: The reaction cleaves the dimer, leaving a half-sandwich ruthenium complex with an ?6 coordination bond to the arene ligand and an Ru—N bond attaching the chloroquinoxaline to the ruthenium complex. The agent has an anti-quorum sensing effect on bacteria, inhibiting the formation of biofilm and inhibiting bacterial virulence. The agent also binds to DNA and may cleave the DNA, e.g., at the N7 base pair of guanine, due to a hydrolytic mechanism, suggesting potential use as an anticancer or antitumor agent.

Abstract: The combination microarray patch for drug delivery and electrochemotherapy device is a medical device for delivering two separate pharmaceutical preparations to a patient, as well as providing electrostimulation for electroactive pharmaceuticals. A first pharmaceutical preparation is manually delivered into the patient through a first set of drug delivery needles. Similarly, a second pharmaceutical preparation is manually delivered into a patient through a second set of drug delivery needles. A desired electrical potential may then be selectively applied across first and second sets of electrotherapy needles for electroporation to facilitate delivery of the pharmaceutical preparations. The second pharmaceutical preparation may be a conjugate of the first for targeted drug delivery.

Abstract: The biosynthesized magnetic metal nanoparticles for oil spill remediation are magnetic nanoparticles capped with an extract of Anthemis pseudocotula. The magnetic nanoparticles are formed by co-precipitation of ferric chloride hexahydrate and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate in an ethanol solution of the extract with the dropwise addition of ammonium hydroxide to raise the pH to between 8 and 11. The extract may be an extract of the aerial parts of Anthemis pseudocotula in a low polar extraction solvent, such as an n-alkane solvent or mono-di-, or trichloromethane. The extract is hydrophobic, improving dispersion of the magnetic nanoparticles in oil spills in seawater, resulting in 90% removal of oil for a 1:10 ratio of nanoparticles:oil by weight.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing bimetallic oxide nanocomposites includes the steps of: providing a first metal salt solution; adding an oxidizing agent to the first metal salt solution while degassing the solution with an inert gas; heating the first metal salt solution; adding a second metal salt solution to the heated first metal salt solution to form a reaction mixture; adding a solution comprising a poly (ionic liquid) into the reaction mixture; adding a first base into the reaction mixture; adding a second base while stirring and maintaining a temperature ranging from about 40° C. to about 65° C. to provide a solution including a bimetallic oxide nanocomposite precipitate. The first metallic salt solution can include FeCl3 dissolved in water. The second metallic salt solution can include CuCl2 dissolved in water. The bimetallic oxide nanocomposites can be combined with epoxy resin to coat a steel stubstrate.

Abstract: Synthesis of modified chitosan particles for oral insulin delivery includes amidation of chitosan with a fatty acid, a modified fatty acid, and/or an amino acid. The amidated chitosan can be grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and cross-linked to provide the modified chitosan particles.

Abstract: The method of synthesizing zinc oxide polymer nanocomposite comprises: dissolving equal molar ratios of a sulfonic acid acrylic monomer and a co-monomer with a cross linking agent to form a solution; dispersing the zinc-oxide nanoparticles into the solution; polymerizing the sulfonic acid acrylic monomer with the co-monomer by adding a free radical initiator followed by heating up the solution to a temperature up to 50° C.; raising the temperature up to 60° C. until a zinc oxide polymer nanocomposite is formed; and curing the nanocomposite by heating to at least 105° C. for about 24 hours to form the zinc oxide polymer nanocomposite, wherein the ionic liquid monomer is 2-ccrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid or a salt thereof and wherein the co-monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylic acid and N-isopropyl acrylamide monomers.

Abstract: A method of producing macroporous carbon capsules includes providing pollen grains from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) males, drying the pollen grains, heating the dried pollen grains to a temperature of at least 500° C. under an atmosphere of N2 gas to produce macroporous carbon capsules. The macroporous carbon capsules produced from the above method can have an oval shape with a diameter in the range of about 18 ?m to about 20 ?m. The macroporous carbon capsules have a mean pore diameter in the range of about 50 nm to about 450 nm. The pores are three-dimensionally interconnected via nanoscopic carbon walls. The carbon walls have a thickness of about 4 ?m.