Abstract: An apparatus, composition, and method for generating odor on demand. The apparatus includes a dispersing mechanism with a plurality of blister pockets each including a releasable aroma. A triggering mechanism is in combination with each of the plurality of blister pockets and configured to separately rupture individual blister pockets to release a corresponding releasable aroma. A controller is in actuating combination with the triggering mechanism. The controller is configured to monitor for at least one predetermined stimulus to actuate the triggering mechanism. The stimulus can include a predetermined text, sound, image, and/or location generated by the electronic device. A smart material can be used for holding and releasing the aroma or other compound. The smart material can include a porous polymer matrix, wherein the porous polymer matrix releases the material upon an actuation of the triggering mechanism.

Abstract: Modified scrap rubber particles, a method for forming the modified rubber particles and compositions including the modified rubber particles. The rubber particles are impregnated with at least one polymerizable monomer and polymerized to impregnate the rubber particles with a polymer. The impregnated polymer provides the modified rubber particles with improved properties which increase the potential uses for recycled scrap rubber. The modified rubber particles are useful in surface coatings, such as latex paint or powder coatings and can be used as a soil substitute.

Abstract: Modified scrap rubber particles, a method for forming the modified rubber particles and compositions including the modified rubber particles. The rubber particles are impregnated with at least one polymerizable monomer and polymerized to impregnate the rubber particles with a polymer. The impregnated polymer provides the modified rubber particles with improved properties which increase the potential uses for recycled scrap rubber. The modified rubber particles are useful in surface coatings, such as latex paint or powder coatings and can be used as a soil substitute.

Abstract: Modified scrap rubber particles, a method for forming the modified rubber particles and compositions including the modified rubber particles. The rubber particles are impregnated with at least one polymerizable monomer and polymerized to impregnate the rubber particles with a polymer. The impregnated polymer provides the modified rubber particles with improved properties which increase the potential uses for recycled scrap rubber. The modified rubber particles are useful in surface coatings, such as latex paint or powder coatings and can be used as a soil substitute.

Abstract: Modified scrap rubber particles, a method for forming the modified rubber particles and compositions including the modified rubber particles. The rubber particles are impregnated with at least one polymerizable monomer and polymerized to impregnate the rubber particles with a polymer. The impregnated polymer provides the modified rubber particles with improved properties which increase the potential uses for recycled scrap rubber. The modified rubber particles are useful in surface coatings, such as latex paint or powder coatings and can be used as a soil substitute.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating odor including a disk having a substrate with a dispersing material retaining at least one releasable aroma positioned with respect to the substrate. The dispersing material includes a structure, such as a plurality of openable pores, that is physically responsive to a stimulus such as heat or light. A device provides the stimulus to the dispersing material upon demand as a function of a signal, wherein the plurality of pores within the dispersing material are reversibly enlarged as a result of the stimulus.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for pulverization of polymeric material having a multi-component screw disposed within an elongated cylindrical housing. The multi-component screw has an independently rotatable extrusion portion and an independently rotatable pulverization portion. A cooling means is provided to maintain the fine powder material produced during the pulverization process at a desired temperature. In one embodiment of this invention, a second multi-component screw having an independently rotatable extrusion portion and an independently rotatable pulverization portion is disposed within the elongated cylindrical housing.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for pulverization of polymeric material having a multi-component screw disposed within an elongated cylindrical housing. The multi-component screw has an independently rotatable extrusion portion and an independently rotatable pulverization portion. A cooling means is provided to maintain the fine powder material produced during the pulverization process at a desired temperature. In one embodiment of this invention, a second multi-component screw having an independently rotatable extrusion portion and an independently rotatable pulverization portion is disposed within the elongated cylindrical housing.

Abstract: The synthesis of a carbon-based catalyst from sludge materials such as produced by the paper mill industry and the like is described wherein the treated material is subjected to processing including chemical activation with an appropriate metal-based activating agent, light and humidity treatment, and pyrolysis to result in a desired carbon-based catalyst.

Abstract: The synthesis of carbon, particularly in an activated form, from sludge materials such as composed of biosolids and the like is described wherein the treated material is subjected to processing including chemical activation, light and humidity treatment, pyrolysis and physical activation to result in an activated carbon of high surface area and microporosity.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating odor upon electronic signal demand using a disk having an aroma-impregnated adsorbent and a substrate. The disk is inserted into a disk drive that receives signals from a user and/or a server computer. A controller within the disk drive supplies an electric, mechanical or thermal signal to the disk, resulting in the heating of the adsorbent. The controller may also activate a blower to distribute the scent produced by the heated adsorbent and to cool the adsorbent at the end of the scent distribution cycle.

Abstract: A process for recycling rubber, elastomers, and thermoset materials in which the material to be recycled is pulverized in a manner which maintains the chemical composition of the material, producing a powder. The powder is introduced into a mold which is heated to a temperature of at least about 200.degree. C. and a compression force of at least about 10 tons is applied to the powder for a period of at least one hour, resulting in formation of a single piece of the rubber, elastomeric, or thermoset material, with no change in chemical structure.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for single screw solid state shear extrusion pulverization of polymeric materials in which the polymeric materials are heated to a temperature suitable for forming a continuous thin film of said polymeric material, and then cooled, and normal and shear forces sufficient to form powder of the polymeric material are applied by a single cylindrical or conical mesh screw. The resulting powder is fluidized upon its discharge.

Abstract: A method of making a molded biodegradable food receptacle product including the steps of grinding up non-toxic agricultural waste plant material like soy, rice, oat and wheat hulls into particles having a range of sizes so that, if compressed in a mold, the smaller particles substantially fill the spaces between the much larger ones. Where necessary, there is added to the particles a natural and biodegradable binder-forming material, like an edible vegetable oil which will bind like a food receptacle the particles together to form a leak-proof receptacle, when inserted into a mold and compressed by the mold walls at elevated temperatures will produce compact well bound together particles. Without any chemical or physical pretreatment of the ground particles and particle-binder feed mix, the unpretreated mix, with or without small amounts of coloring, aromatic or foaming agents, is fed into a pressure-applying mold.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for pulverization of natural and synthetic polymeric material by heating to a pre-melt or softening temperature below its melting point, cooling and applying high normal and shear stresses sufficient to form fine powder, and fluidizing the powder in a gas stream preventing its agglomeration. The same process and apparatus is suitable for enhancement of reactivity of polymeric and solid monomeric material to form homopolymers, copolymers, and new polymeric materials.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for pulverization of natural and synthetic polymeric material by heating to a pre-melt or softening temperature below its melting point, cooling and applying normal and shear stresses sufficient to form fine powder, and fluidizing the powder in a gas stream preventing its agglomeration. The same process and apparatus is suitable for enhancement of reactivity of polymeric and solid monomeric material to form homopolymers, copolymers, and new polymeric materials.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for pulverization of thermosetting, crosslinked thermoplastic and natural polymeric materials by applying normal and shear stresses by oppositely rotating meshing conical screws sufficient to form fine powder. The process may be conducted at relatively low temperatures, and in the case of many materials, at ambient or near ambient temperature and pressure conditions. The fine powder may be fluidized to aid in its discharge.

Abstract: A thermally regenerable sorbent composition for removal of oxides of nitrogen from a gas stream wherein the sorbent consists essentially of about 15 to 35 wt. percent Fe, about 15 to 35 wt. percent Co and greater than about 5 wt. percent Na. The process for removal of oxides of nitrogen from a gas stream containing oxygen wherein the gas stream is passed in contact with the thermally regenerable sorbent composition described at a contact temperature of about 200.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. and is thermally regenerable by heating at a temperature of about 400.degree. C. to 550.degree. C. The process and composition is effective for gas streams where the oxides of nitrogen content is less than 2000 ppm and is particularly effective where the oxides of nitrogen content is about 50 to 1000 ppm. The composition and process is especially useful in removal of oxides of nitrogen from combustion gas effluents such as from furnaces and vehicles.