Abstract: The present invention discloses methods, systems, and tools for evaluating a number of value significance measures of ontological subjects of compositions or networks. The method breaks a composition into its constituent ontological subjects of different orders and builds a participation matrix indicating the participation of ontological subjects of the composition in other ontological subjects, i.e. the partitions, of the composition. Using the participation information of the OSs into each other, an association strength matrix is built from which the value significance measures of the partitions of the composition are calculated. The methods systematically calculate the value significances of the ontological subjects of different orders of the composition. Various systems for implementing the methods and some exemplary applications and services are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are given for representing and generating contents from pre-existed and pre-built contents for a given content. Methods are given for transforming information representation from one medium, type, or language to another medium, type and language. Exemplary embodiment is given for transforming the semantics of a given text or spoken language to a visual representation or combination of them. The systems and methods generate new contents in general and multimedia contents in particular in response to or for representing an input composition utilizing pre-existed and pre-built contents of various types, languages, and forms. The associated client server systems over the communication network are also given for generating contents for the contents given by the clients.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods, systems, and tools for unified semantic ranking of compositions of ontological subjects. The method breaks a composition to a plurality of partitions as well as its constituent ontological subjects of different orders and builds a participation matrix indicating the participation of ontological subjects of the composition in other ontological subjects, i.e. the partitions, of the composition. Using the participation information of the OSs into each other a similarity matrix is built from which the semantic importance ranks of the partitions of the composition are calculated. The method systematically enables the calculation the semantic ranks of ontological subjects of different orders of the composition. Various systems for implementing the method and numerous applications and services are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods, systems, and tools for knowledge processing by building maps of ontological subjects for compositions or the contents accompanying a request for service by a user. In one embodiment of the invention the method assigns and calculates an ontological subject power spectrum to each composition or ontological subject. The resulting power spectrum and the adjacency matrix of the map are used to evaluate the merits of the compositions in the context of reference universes. It is also used as a research guiding tool for knowledge discovery. The invention serves knowledge seekers, knowledge creators, inventors, discoverer, as well as general public by assisting and guiding users to assess their work, identify their unknowns, optimize their research trajectory, and provide higher quality contents. The method and system, thereby, is instrumental in increasing the speed and efficiency of knowledge acquisition, discovery, retrieval, as well as faster learning and problem solving.

Abstract: A system and method is presented for knowledge discovery that incorporate both human and computers to index, process, and communicate and share the knowledge and electronic contents. It also provides a platform for launching unlimited number of qualified and content reviewed publishing/broadcasting ventures. The system assists individuals for faster and more efficient discovery/creation of new and useful knowledge, and valuable artistic content. It also provides incentives to the owners of the ventures and a method for rewarding or compensating all contributors.

Abstract: In this invention an optical gain element is used where a fraction of the optical output signal is passed through a periodic filter and fed back to the gain medium. This configuration simply forms a multi-wavelength ring laser. The optical gain element provides the gain medium for the laser and the filter forces the laser to lase on the predetermined wavelengths. The periodic filter can simply be an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI). It is known that asymmetric MZIs have an almost sinusoidal wavelength response where its period is a function of the length difference of the arms of the asymmetric MZI. Therefore, channel spacing may be controlled by changing the arms length difference in an Asymmetric MZI.

Abstract: A method of making an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) adjusts the length of the arms of two Michelson Interferometers, (MI) to achieve desired wavelength response then combines the MIs to provide the MZI. An asymmetric MZI is, therefore, provided which comprises two asymmetric MIs optically connected back-to-back.

Abstract: WDM demultiplexers are provided utilizing, for example, cascaded asymmetric MZI filters, wherein the (asymmetric) differential delay is such that at the output of the first stage MZI demultiplexes the WDM channels in groups of two at its output. The result is a relaxed specification for the frequency response of the filters.

Abstract: An optical amplifier for two adjacent bands of optical data channels provides gain across the entire spectrum, including the so-called dead-band, by splitting the entire input signal equally into two paths. One path is optimized to amplify one band and the other path is optimized to amplify the other. An optical delay in one path, usually the one optimized for the lower wavelength band, ensures equal optical path lengths for the two paths. The amplified signals in that two paths are then combined to yield or flat gain profile across the two bands and the gap in-between.

Abstract: In an optical access network architecture based on Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) a central laser source in the central station provides a large number of wavelength channels. Optical interleavers are then used to partition and finally demultiplex the set of available wavelengths to provide one bi-directional wavelength channel per access node, the central station being the only laser source in this network. The laser source provides a large number of very tightly spaced wavelength channels. Each access node retrieves the laser source from the signal received from the central station to be used in modulating its upstream signals. This access network architecture provides one wavelength channel for each access node, and hence enables protocol and data rate transparency on each channel.

Abstract: In an optical planar waveguide device, the electrodes which modulate a section of the waveguide, say to alter its refractive index, are coplanar with, and positioned on either side of, the waveguide section, which improves modulating efficiency.

Abstract: An optical amplifier for two adjacent bands of optical data channels provides gain across the entire spectrum, including the so-called dead-band, by splitting the entire input signal equally into two paths. One path is optimized to amplify one band and the other path is optimized to amplify the other. An optical delay in one path, usually the one optimized for the lower wavelength band, ensures equal optical path lengths for the two paths. The amplified signals in that two paths are then combined to yield or flat gain profile across the two bands and the gap in-between.

Abstract: A method of hybrid integration of optical and electronic devices is disclosed. Optical waveguides and electrical interconnections are formed on a substrate coated with a photosensitive core layer sandwiched between an inner cladding layer and outer cladding layer, after mounting the devices within one or more recesses carved in the substrate and the coated layers. Adaptive lithography is used to create the desired pattern of waveguides and other deflecting optical elements within the core layer to correspond with the positions of the optical and electronic devices relative to the substrate.

Abstract: An integrated optical board (IOB) is made by embedding and securing optical fibers in a substrate, and then excising the ends of the substrate to serve as optical connectors. The remaining part of the substrate may be processed, for example by carving out part or parts of its top layer, to create optical components, such as planar waveguides, therein using the alignment markers for accurate positioning of the waveguide with respect to embedded fiber cores.

Abstract: In this invention an optical gain element is used where a fraction of the optical output signal is passed through a periodic filter and fed back to the gain medium. This configuration simply forms a multi-wavelength ring laser. The optical gain element provides the gain medium for the laser and the filter forces the laser to lase on the predetermined wavelengths. The periodic filter can simply be an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI). It is known that asymmetric MZIs have an almost sinusoidal wavelength response where its period is a function of the length difference of the arms of the asymmetric MZI. Therefore, channel spacing may be controlled by changing the arms length difference in an Asymmetric MZI.

Abstract: A method of forming a package of an optical waveguide and optical fibers. The optical fibers are positioned between two compressive material layers and, with the fibers located in alignment grooves with one of the compressive layers between fibers and the groove surface, compression is applied. For compression, two rigid substrates, disposed one disposed one on each side of the arrangement of fibers and compressive layers, are urged towards each other. As the compressive layers are being compressed, the fibers are urged laterally into the grooves and into optical alignment with the waveguide. Preferably, two rigid plates, one on each side of the above assembly, are urged towards each other for compression. The plates are urged together at a plurality of localized positions so that the force applied may be adjusted individually at each of these locations so as to more precisely align the fibers and waveguide. The invention also includes a package made by the method.

Abstract: An optical network having a number of optical amplifiers utilizes the Internet Protocol (IP) to control the amplifiers via the Internet, where optical amplifiers are assigned unique Internet addresses as required.

Abstract: An improved optical module (OM) is provided by polishing the end of an optical waveguide in one of the arms of a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer to adjust its optical path length and placing mirrors against the ends of the polished waveguide ends. The result is an interferometer with two arms terminating in reflectors and one optical coupler.

Abstract: A method of making an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) adjusts the length of the arms of two Michelson Interferometers, (MI) to achieve desired wavelength response then combines the MIs to provide the MZI. An asymmetric MZI is, therefore, provided which comprises two asymmetric MIs optically connected back-to-back.

Abstract: WDM demultiplexers are provided utilizing, for example, cascaded asymmetric MZI filters, wherein the (asymmetric) differential delay is such that at the output of the first stage MZI demultiplexes the WDM channels in groups of two at its output. The result is a relaxed specification for the frequency response of the filters.