Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and compositions for treating and diagnosing tauopathies. More specifically, the disclosure relates to the identification of epitopes on tau and their use as vaccines or as reagents to generate monoclonal antibodies that can be used for both diagnosis and treatment of tau-related diseases.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of protecting or treating neural cells from degeneration comprising: identifying a neural cell in need of protection from at least one of radical oxidative stress, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, decreased intracellular protein aggregation or neurofibrillary tangles, increase of at least one of cellular NAD or ATP levels, activation of autophagy, removal of protein aggregates, prevents GSK3? or Tau protein phosphorylation, or increase neuronal plasticity; and providing the neural cell with a therapeutically effective amount of a hydralazine or active bioequivalent thereof sufficient to reduce radical oxidative stress, increase mitochondrial biogenesis, decrease intracellular protein aggregation or neurofibrillary tangles, increase of at least one of cellular NAD or ATP levels, activate autophagy, remove protein aggregates, prevent GSK3? or Tau protein phosphorylation, or increase neuronal plasticity, thereby protecting the neural cells from degeneration.

Abstract: Methods of using halogenated peptides as internal standards for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and novel halogenated peptides useful for the same, are disclosed. In particular, methods of using halogenated peptides as internal standards in proteomic analyzes, as well as methods of using halogenated peptides to conduct quality control assessments of and/or to calibrate liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of using halogenated peptides as internal standards for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and novel halogenated peptides useful for the same, are disclosed. In particular, methods of using halogenated peptides as internal standards in proteomic analyses, as well as methods of using halogenated peptides to conduct quality control assessments of and/or to calibrate liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of using halogenated peptides as internal standards for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and novel halogenated peptides useful for the same, are disclosed. In particular, methods of using halogenated peptides as internal standards in proteomic analyses, as well as methods of using halogenated peptides to conduct quality control assessments of and/or to calibrate liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry systems are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for enhanced detection and quantification of amino acids by derivatization. Also provided are compositions and methods for enhanced detection and quantification of peptides by derivatization.