Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing somatotropins in plants and transgenic plant seeds containing somatotropins. The method provides an economical way to produce somatotropins.

Abstract: An electrochemichromic solution containing novel viologen salts as cathodic materials for the redox pair.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing somatotropins in plants and transgenic plant seeds containing somatotropins. The method provides an economical way to produce somatotropins.

Abstract: The specification discloses electrochemichromic solutions and devices based on the use of solvents comprising at least about 25% 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 3,3′-oxydipropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 3-methylsulfolane and mixtures thereof. The specification also discloses vacuum backfilling techniques for filling electrochemichromic cells and enhanced UV stability through solvent self-screening.

Abstract: The specification discloses electrochemichromic solutions and devices based on the use of solvents comprising at least about 25% 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 3,3'-oxydipropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 3-methylsulfolane and mixtures thereof. The specification also discloses vacuum backfilling techniques for filling electrochemichromic cells and enhanced UV stability through solvent self-screening.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for treating liver cancer in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal an inhibitory effective amount of at least one GnRH-related compound. Pharmaceutical preparations useful for the treatment of liver cancer comprising an inhibitory effective amount of at least one GnRH-related compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are also provided. A further aspect of the invention provides a method for diagnosing liver cancer by determining the presence of receptors for GnRH on a biological sample.

Abstract: A variable transmission electrochromic architectural window includes spaced optically transparent elements confining an electrochromic medium including a solvent and a redox chemical pair in solution such that the redox chemical pair colors under the application of voltage and bleaches in the absence of the applied voltage. An ultraviolet stabilizer is included in solution for enhanced ultraviolet stability. The window has an electrochromically active large area of length dimension at least about 14 cm and a width dimension at least about 14 cm while exhibiting a steady state leakage current of less than about 2.68 amperes per square meter when a potential of one volt is applied such that coloration uniformity of the electrochromic architectural window is enhanced. Preferably, the electrochromic medium is based on the use of solvents comprising at least about 25% 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 3,3'-oxydipropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 3-methylsulfolane and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic solutions and devices manufactured therefrom. More precisely, the invention relates to electrochemichromic solutions, and those devices manufactured with the same, that demonstrate superior responsiveness to those solutions known heretofore when an applied potential is introduced thereto. That is, the responsiveness observed in terms of solution coloring is of a greater rapidity, intensity and uniformity than those electrochemichromic solutions of the prior art. Preparation of these solutions involve the novel process of pre-treating at least one of the electrochemichromic compounds with a redox agent prior to placing it in contact with the other electrochemichromic compound. Moreover, the present invention relates to methods of preparing such novel solutions and processes for using these solutions to provide devices that exhibit and benefit from the aforementioned superior characteristics.

Abstract: The specification discloses electrochemichromic solutions and devices based on the use of solvents comprising at least about 25% 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 3,3'-oxydipropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 3-methylsulfolane and mixtures thereof. The specification also discloses vacuum backfilling techniques for filling electrochemichromic cells and enhanced UV stability through solvent self-screening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic solutions and devices manufactured therefrom. More precisely, the present invention relates to electrochemichromic compounds and processes for preparing the same. The present invention also relates to electrochemichromic solutions of such compounds, and those devices manufactured with the same, that demonstrate superior responsiveness to those solutions known heretofore when an applied potential is introduced thereto. And, these solutions, when contained within electrochemichromic devices, demonstrate ultraviolet stability, thermal stability and cycle stability. The responsiveness observed in terms of solution coloring with respect to the solutions, and devices containing the same, of the present invention is of a greater rapidity, intensity and uniformity than those electrochemichromic solutions of the prior art.

Abstract: The specification discloses electrochemichromic solutions and devices based on the use of solvents comprising at least about 25% 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 3,3,'-oxydipropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 3-methylsulfolane and mixtures thereof. The specification also discloses vacuum backfilling techniques for filling electrochemichromic cells and enhanced UV stability through solvent self-screening.

Abstract: The specification discloses electrochemichromic solutions and devices based on the use of solvents comprising at least about 25% 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 3,3'-oxydipropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 3-methylsulfolane and mixtures thereof. The specification also discloses vacuum backfilling techniques for filling electrochemichromic cells and enhanced UV stability through solvent self-screening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic solutions and devices manufactured therefrom. More precisely, the invention relates to electrochemichromic solutions, and those devices manufactured with the same, that demonstrate superior responsiveness to those solutions known heretofore when an applied potential is introduced thereto. That is, the responsiveness observed in terms of solution coloring is of a greater rapidity, intensity and uniformity than those electrochemichromic solutions of the prior art. Preparation of these solutions involve the novel process of pre-treating at least one of the electrochemichromic compounds with a redox agent prior to placing it in contact with the other electrochemichromic compound. Moreover, the present invention relates to methods of preparing such novel solutions and processes for using these solutions to provide devices that exhibit and benefit from the aforementioned superior characteristics.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method for reducing current leakage and enhancing UV stability by using electrochemichromic solutions whose solvents include, either solely or in combination with other solvents, glutaronitrile (GNT).

Abstract: The specification discloses electrochemichromic solutions and devices based on the use of from about 0.5 percent by volume of at least one linear polyether which is soluble in the electrochemichromic solution to reduce segregation without unduly affecting leakage current.

Abstract: The specification discloses electrochemichromic solutions and devices based on the use of from about 5% by volume of a nonpolymeric material having a high volume resistivity and high dielectric constant to reduce leakage current without unduly increasing solution viscosity. In an alternative aspect, high quantities of such materials are used even though solution viscosity increases to the point of preventing room temperature vacuum backfilling in order to take advantage of other features of such solutions.

Abstract: The specification discloses electrochemichromic solutions and devices based on the use of solvents comprising at least about 25% 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 3,3'-oxydipropionitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 3-methylsulfolane and mixtures thereof. The specification also discloses vacuum backfilling techniques for filling electrochemichromic cells and enhanced UV stability through solvent self-screening.