Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: A bioactive compound, or family of compounds, is biosynthesised by a cell using a plurality of enzymic activities. Host cells are provided that substantially lack the bioactivity, but possess at least a first one of the enzymic activities (or nucleic acid encoding a corresponding enzyme). The cells are transformed with nucleic acid expressible to provide at least a second enzymic activity which enables the cells to produce a bioactive compound. A family of cells may be transformed with a multiplicity of different nucleic acids, leading to a library of cells including cells producing different bioactive product, and cells not producing bioactive products. Transformed cells may be screened for bioactivity. Active cells may be isolated and cultured, and bioactive compounds may be isolated.

Abstract: A vaccine for in ovo vaccination against avian coccidiosis produced by a method including obtaining the coccidial oocysts from a fecal suspension, homogenizing the fecal suspension, separating the oocysts from the fecal debris by either salt flotation using sodium sulfate or gas flotation using air, sporulating the oocysts using hydrogen peroxide and air sparging, bleaching the sporulated oocysts, washing the bleached oocysts, concentrating the sterile washed oocysts and combining the concentrates of various species of coccidial oocysts, and producing a vaccine. The method in whole or in part can be applied to other kinds of encysted protozoa to produce vaccines for various types of animals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising sequences encoding avec gene products, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of Streptomyces avermitilis. AveC genes, homologs and partial homologs thereof are described for S. avermitilis, S. hygroscopicus, and S. griseochromogenes, respectively. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of Streptomyces avermitilis in which the avec gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: A polyketide synthase (“PKS”) of Type I is a complex multienzyme including a loading domain linked to a multiplicity of extension domains. The first extension module receives an acyl starter unit from the loading domain and each extension module adds a further ketide unit which may undergo processing (e.g. reduction). We have found that the Ksq domain possessed by some PKS's has decarboxylating activity, e.g. generating (substituted) acyl from (substituted) malonyl. The CLF domain of type II PKS's has similar activity. By inserting loading modules including such domains into PKS's not normally possessing them it is possible to control the starter units used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising sequences encoding avec gene products, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of Streptomyces avermitilis. AveC genes, homologs and partial homologs thereof are described for S. avermitilis , S. hygroscopicus, and S. griseochromogenes, respectively. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of Streptomyces avermitilis in which the avec gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R17, Rf, A, X, and Y are as defined herein. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of formulas 1, methods of using the compounds of formula 1 in the treatment of infections and methods of preparing the compounds of formula 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of Streptomyces avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of Streptomyces avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotide molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding an aveC gene product, which polynucleotide molecules can be used to alter the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced in fermentation cultures of S. avermitilis. The present invention further relates to vectors, host cells, and mutant strains of S. avermitilis in which the aveC gene has been inactivated, or mutated so as to change the ratio or amount of class 2:1 avermectins produced.

Abstract: A method of forming a support for use with a primary catalyst for conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen into hydrocarbons is disclosed.A primary catalyst and a method of manufacturing the catalyst is also disclosed.Furthermore, a secondary catalyst for the production of branched chain alkenes from straight chain alkenes is also disclosed, together with methods of manufacturing the secondary catalyst.