Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating an acid or base, e.g. for chromatographic analysis of anions. For generating a base the method includes the steps of providing a cation source in a cation source reservoir, flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a base generation chamber separated from the cation source reservoir by a barrier (e.g. a charged membrane) substantially preventing liquid flow while providing a cation transport bridge, applying an electric potential between an anode cation source reservoir and a cathode in the base generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions therein and to cause cations in the cation source reservoir to electromigrate and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode to combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide, and removing the cation hydroxide in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from the first base generation chamber. Suitable cation sources include a salt solution, a cation hydroxide solution or cation exchange resin.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating an acid or base, e.g. for chromatographic analysis of anions. For generating a base the method includes the steps of providing a cation source in a cation source reservoir, flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a base generation chamber separated from the cation source reservoir by a barrier (e.g. a charged membrane) substantially preventing liquid flow while providing a cation transport bridge, applying an electric potential between an anode cation source reservoir and a cathode in the base generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions therein and to cause cations in the cation source reservoir to electromigrate and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode to combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide, and removing the cation hydroxide in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from the first base generation chamber. Suitable cation sources include a salt solution, a cation hydroxide solution or cation exchange resin.

Abstract: An electrolyitic suppressor including (a) a suppressor bed of ion exchange resin, (b) an electrode chamber adjacent the suppressor, (c) a first electrode in the electrode chamber, (d) a barrier separating the suppressor bed from the first electrode chamber preventing significant liquid flow but permitting transport of ions only of the same charge as the suppressor bed resin, (e) a second electrode in electrical communication with the resin bed, and (f) a recycle conduit between the suppressor outlet port and said electrode chamber. The second electrode may be in contact with the ion exchange resin in the suppressor or located in second electrode chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating high purity acid or base in an aqueous stream for use in analysis. For generating a base, the aqueous stream is directed through a cation exchange bed having first strongly acidic and second weakly acidic portions. An electrical potential is applied to the bed. Cations on the bed electromigrate into the aqueous stream while hydroxide ions are electrolytically generated to form a base-containing eluent. Analytes to be detected and the generated eluent flow through a detector.

Abstract: A method for generating high purity acid or base in an aqueous stream for use in analysis. For generating a base for anion chromatography, the aqueous stream is directed through a cation exchange bed having strongly acid first and weakly acidic second portions. An electrical potential is applied to the bed. Cations on the bed electromigrate into the aqueous stream while hydroxide ions are electrolytically generated to form a base-containing eluent. Analytes to be detected and the generated eluent flow through a detector.

Abstract: A method for generating high purity acid or base in an aqueous stream for use as an eluent for chromatography and, particularly, ion chromatography. For generating a base for anion chromatography, the aqueous stream is directed through a cation exchange bed having a first strongly acidic and a second weakly acidic portions. An electrical potential is applied to the bed. Cations on the bed electromigrate into the aqueous stream while hydroxide ions are electrolytically generated to form a base-containing eluent. Anions to be detected and the generated eluent flow through a chromatographic separator. The chromatographic effluent flows past a detector.

Abstract: An electrolyitic suppressor including (a) a suppressor bed of ion exchange resin, (b) an electrode chamber adjacent the suppressor, (c) a first electrode in the electrode chamber, (d) a barrier separating the suppressor bed from the first electrode chamber preventing significant liquid flow but permitting transport of ions only of the same charge as the suppressor bed resin, (e) a second electrode in electrical communication with the resin bed, and (f) a recycle conduit between the suppressor outlet port and said electrode chamber. The second electrode may be in contact with the ion exchange resin in the suppressor or located in second electrode chamber.

Abstract: An electrolyitic suppressor including (a) a suppressor bed of ion exchange resin, (b) an electrode chamber adjacent the suppressor, (c) a first electrode in the electrode chamber, (d) a barrier separating the suppressor bed from the first electrode chamber preventing significant liquid flow but permitting transport of ions only of the same charge as the suppressor bed resin, (e) a second electrode in electrical communication with the resin bed, and (f) a recycle conduit between the suppressor outlet port and said electrode chamber. The second electrode may be in contact with the ion exchange resin in the suppressor or located in second electrode chamber.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating an acid or base, e.g. for chromatographic analysis of anions. For generating a base the method includes the steps of providing a cation source in a cation source reservoir, flowing an aqueous liquid stream through a base generation chamber separated from the cation source reservoir by a barrier (e.g. a charged membrane) substantially preventing liquid flow while providing a cation transport bridge, applying an electric potential between an anode cation source reservoir and a cathode in the base generation chamber to electrolytically generate hydroxide ions therein and to cause cations in the cation source reservoir to electromigrate and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode to combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide, and removing the cation hydroxide in an aqueous liquid stream as an effluent from the first base generation chamber. Suitable cation sources include a salt solution, a cation hydroxide solution or cation exchange resin.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating high purity acid or base in an aqueous stream for use as an eluent for chromatography and, particularly, ion chromatography. For generating a base for anion chromatography, the aqueous stream is directed through a cation exchange bed. An electrical potential is applied to the bed. Cations on the bed electromigrate into the aqueous stream while hydroxide ions are electrolytically generated to form a base-containing eluent. Anions to be detected and the generated eluent flow through a chromatographic separator and a detector. In one embodiment, between separation and detection, the separated anion stream flows through a second cation exchange bed with no electrical potential applied. The second bed serves as a suppressor. After completion of the desired number of cycles, flow through the first and second cation exchange beds may be reversed by appropriate valving for the next sample stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for electrolytically generating an acid or base eluent in an aqueous solution and for simultaneously suppressing conductivity of the eluent in an ion exchange bed after chromatographic separation in an ion chromatography system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating an acid or base eluent in an aqueous stream solely from an ion exchange bed for liquid chromatography of anions or cations and for simultaneously suppressing conductivity of the eluent in the ion exchange bed after chromatographic separation. For a system in which a base is generated for the analysis of anions by ion chromatography, the method uses a bed of cation exchange material with first and second bed sections arranged in series.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for ion chromatography including passage of sample through a chromatographic separation column, through a suppressor column containing a resin with exchangeable ions, and then through a detector. The suppressor column is equipped with an electrical potential supplying device to electrolyze water and regenerate the suppressor column.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for ion analysis by ion chromatography uses periodic electrolytic regeneration of a packed bed suppressor. First and second sets of columns, suppressors and detectors connected in series are linked by appropriate valving so that the effluent from the second suppressor can be passed to the first suppressor to be used in the electrolytic regeneration of the first suppressor after detection of analyte in the second detector.

Abstract: An ion chromatography method for analysis of a plurality of analyte ions in a sequence of samples in which ion chromatography is performed on a sample, which is passed to a non-precipitating suppressor ion exchange resin and analyzed, the suppressor being regenerated in one step prior to processing of a subsequent sample.

Abstract: A method and apparatus using suppression of eluents for the analysis of anions or cations in ion chromatography. The invention relates to the intermittent use of the electric field during electrochemical suppression to minimize background noise during detection of the ionic species caused by the application of an electric field using an electrolytic membrane suppressor. Using this intermittent electrochemical suppression system allows the detection of the analyte in the absence of the electric field. The system finds particular benefit in reducing background noise created during electrochemical suppression, and in reducing the baseline interference when analyzing organic solvent-containing samples.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the chromatographic separation and analysis of ionic species. This process is carried out utilizing, in an ion separator column, the combination of a low capacity, high performance resin as the stationary phase, and a weakly ionized electrolyte as the eluant or developing reagent, to effect resolution of ionic species in solution. For anion separation, a weak base resin of low capacity and high efficiency is used as the stationary phase, and a solution of a weak base or water as the mobile phase. For cation separation, a weak acid resin of low capacity and high efficiency is used as the stationary phase and a solution of a weak acid as the mobile phase. Because the eluant employed has a very low background conductivity, it will register only insignificantly on the readout from the conductivity cell. Thus, the method of the invention obviates the need for the eluant suppressor or "stripper" device used in conventional ion chromatography.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ionic polymer, method for making a coating and a composite membrane therefrom and also relates to products derived from the disclosed methods and polymer. A new lipid-like permselective membrane is disclosed comprising an ultra-thin selective coating deposited on a non-selective but permeable substrate, which may be anionic or cationic, in hollow fiber, tubular or planar form. The method of preparation of the membrane comprises treating the permeable substrate with a solution of the ionic polymer. The polymer is the product of an aromatic monomer, acrylate and vinyl chloride quaternized with a tertiary amine in which at least one of the alkyl groups of the amine contain at least two carbon atoms. The polymer can also be the product of an aromatic monomer and acrylate and the polymer being partially sulfonated. The treatment produces an extremely thin coating that is held tenaciously by electrostatic forces and the hydrophobicity of the polymer determines its permeability.

Abstract: The invention is the novel combination of liquid chromatographic separation of water from other components of an injected sample followed by electrochemical detection and quantitation of the separated water.

Abstract: Apparatus for accurately metering liquid flow based on the injection of a brief heat pulse into the flowing stream, e.g., via a miniature thermistor, and detection of an electronic time derivative of temperature downstream with, e.g., a second microprobe thermistor. This detection triggers a subsequent heat pulse and the cycle repeats, with pulse total corresponding to elapsed liquid throughput, and pulse frequency to flow rate.