Abstract: The present disclosure relates to measurement reporting based on machine learning in wireless communications. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a user equipment (UE) configured to operate in a wireless communication system comprises: receiving, from a network, a configuration for measurement reporting related to a plurality of machine learning (ML) models; determining a set of ML models for measurement reporting among the plurality of ML models configured for the UE, based on the configuration; obtaining measurement results by taking inputs to the set of ML models; and transmitting, to the network, at least one of the measurement results.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for acquiring reference location of Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) earth-moving cell. A wireless device receives assistance information from a serving cell. The assistance information includes i) a set of reference locations and ii) time information related to each of the reference locations. The wireless device selects a reference location, from among the set of reference locations, related to a current time based on the time information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus related to a configuration request in wireless communications. A multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) user equipment (UE) may request candidate MUSIM gaps, and indicate priority information for the candidate MUSIM gaps along with the request. Therefore, the UE can prevent the inefficient gap configuration regarding the second network operation even when the first network is unable to configure all requested gaps.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a configuration request in wireless communications. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) user equipment (UE) may request candidate MUSIM gaps, and indicate priority information for the candidate MUSIM gaps along with the request. Therefore, the UE can prevent the inefficient gap configuration regarding the second network operation even when the first network is unable to configure all requested gaps.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control device for determining cognitive radio terminals. The device comprises: a spectrum sensing information storage unit for receiving and storing interference amount information for each frequency from spectrum sensing devices; a communication success probability calculation unit for receiving position information from secondary user terminals within a network and calculating a communication success probability of each secondary user terminal; a reinforced learning unit for setting the communication success probability as an initial access probability for each of the secondary user terminals and enabling learning such that an access probability, a state function, and a utility function are updated for each of the secondary user terminals at each iteration; and a cognitive radio terminal determining unit for, when the leaning is completed in the reinforced learning unit, selecting a secondary user terminal to execute cognitive radio communication on the basis of a final access probability.

Abstract: An apparatus for distributed reinforcement learning includes: a local neural network for receiving state information regarding a surrounding environment and estimating an action execution probability from the state information according to a previously learned pattern estimation method; a loss estimation unit for applying learning to the local neural network by estimating a loss value from the action execution probability and a global action execution probability transmitted from a central server; a local experience memory for mapping and storing the state information and the action execution probability; a clustering unit for clustering the state information stored in the local experience memory according to a pre-designated method to classify the state information into state clusters having proxy state information configured beforehand; and a local proxy memory for mapping and storing the proxy state information and proxy action execution probability corresponding to each state cluster for transmitting to t

Abstract: Provided is a device for allocating a dynamic frequency for a secondary user in a cognitive radio network. The device includes: an OP map generation unit for generating an opportunity map, which represents a probability of successful communication of the secondary transmitter in each region of the cognitive radio network, by using one or more of spectrum sensing information, which is received from a spectrum sensor that has completed sensing and includes identifier information, location information, and a sensing measurement matrix, an access request message, which is received from the secondary transmitter and includes identifier information, location information, and operable band information, and the density and transmission powers of primary transmitters; and a response message generation unit for generating a response message, which includes the channel having the highest probability of successful communication and the probability of successful communication, based on the generated map.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control device for determining cognitive radio terminals. The device comprises: a spectrum sensing information storage unit for receiving and storing interference amount information for each frequency from spectrum sensing devices; a communication success probability calculation unit for receiving position information from secondary user terminals within a network and calculating a communication success probability of each secondary user terminal; a reinforced learning unit for setting the communication success probability as an initial access probability for each of the secondary user terminals and enabling learning such that an access probability, a state function, and a utility function are updated for each of the secondary user terminals at each iteration; and a cognitive radio terminal determining unit for, when the leaning is completed in the reinforced learning unit, selecting a secondary user terminal to execute cognitive radio communication on the basis of a final access probability.

Abstract: Provided is a device for allocating a dynamic frequency for a secondary user in a cognitive radio network. The device includes: an OP map generation unit for generating an opportunity map, which represents a probability of successful communication of the secondary transmitter in each region of the cognitive radio network, by using one or more of spectrum sensing information, which is received from a spectrum sensor that has completed sensing and includes identifier information, location information, and a sensing measurement matrix, an access request message, which is received from the secondary transmitter and includes identifier information, location information, and operable band information, and the density and transmission powers of primary transmitters; and a response message generation unit for generating a response message, which includes the channel having the highest probability of successful communication and the probability of successful communication, based on the generated map.

Abstract: An image sensor and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The image sensor includes a first conductive type substrate including a trench formed in a predetermined portion of the first conductive type substrate, a second conductive type impurity region for use in a photodiode, formed below a bottom surface of the trench in the first conductive type substrate, and a first conductive type epitaxial layer for use in the photodiode, buried in the trench.

Abstract: A meandered slit antenna is provided. The meandered slit antenna includes: a printed circuit board; an RF module mounted on the printed circuit board to generate a predetermined electric signal; a microstrip feed line connected with the RF module to transmit the predetermined electric signal; and a slot part for radiating an electromagnetic wave induced by the electric signal that is transmitted through the microstrip feed line, the slot part being formed in a meandered shape.