Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a configuration request in wireless communications. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) user equipment (UE) may request candidate MUSIM gaps, and indicate priority information for the candidate MUSIM gaps along with the request. Therefore, the UE can prevent the inefficient gap configuration regarding the second network operation even when the first network is unable to configure all requested gaps.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control device for determining cognitive radio terminals. The device comprises: a spectrum sensing information storage unit for receiving and storing interference amount information for each frequency from spectrum sensing devices; a communication success probability calculation unit for receiving position information from secondary user terminals within a network and calculating a communication success probability of each secondary user terminal; a reinforced learning unit for setting the communication success probability as an initial access probability for each of the secondary user terminals and enabling learning such that an access probability, a state function, and a utility function are updated for each of the secondary user terminals at each iteration; and a cognitive radio terminal determining unit for, when the leaning is completed in the reinforced learning unit, selecting a secondary user terminal to execute cognitive radio communication on the basis of a final access probability.

Abstract: An apparatus for distributed reinforcement learning includes: a local neural network for receiving state information regarding a surrounding environment and estimating an action execution probability from the state information according to a previously learned pattern estimation method; a loss estimation unit for applying learning to the local neural network by estimating a loss value from the action execution probability and a global action execution probability transmitted from a central server; a local experience memory for mapping and storing the state information and the action execution probability; a clustering unit for clustering the state information stored in the local experience memory according to a pre-designated method to classify the state information into state clusters having proxy state information configured beforehand; and a local proxy memory for mapping and storing the proxy state information and proxy action execution probability corresponding to each state cluster for transmitting to t

Abstract: An image device may include a clock generator to generate a first output clock of a first frequency, a link layer to generate a control signal for changing the first frequency and output first parallel data including first frame information, a detector to generate a collision avoidance command to change the first frequency to a second frequency during a vertical blanking time, and a frequency changer to receive the collision avoidance command from the detector and transmit a frequency change command to the link layer. The link layer transmits the control signal to the clock generator based on the frequency change command. The vertical blanking time is a time period from a first time point at which the first parallel data is not output from the link layer to a second time point at which second parallel data is output.

Abstract: Provided is a device for allocating a dynamic frequency for a secondary user in a cognitive radio network. The device includes: an OP map generation unit for generating an opportunity map, which represents a probability of successful communication of the secondary transmitter in each region of the cognitive radio network, by using one or more of spectrum sensing information, which is received from a spectrum sensor that has completed sensing and includes identifier information, location information, and a sensing measurement matrix, an access request message, which is received from the secondary transmitter and includes identifier information, location information, and operable band information, and the density and transmission powers of primary transmitters; and a response message generation unit for generating a response message, which includes the channel having the highest probability of successful communication and the probability of successful communication, based on the generated map.

Abstract: A high-speed interface apparatus and method of correcting skew in the apparatus are provided. A high-speed transmitter includes a transmission D-PHY module that generates and transmits a clock signal through a clock channel, generates a deskew synchronous code and test data in response to a deskew request signal, transmits the deskew synchronous code followed by the test data through a data channel, and transmits a normal synchronous code followed by normal data through the data channel in normal mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control device for determining cognitive radio terminals. The device comprises: a spectrum sensing information storage unit for receiving and storing interference amount information for each frequency from spectrum sensing devices; a communication success probability calculation unit for receiving position information from secondary user terminals within a network and calculating a communication success probability of each secondary user terminal; a reinforced learning unit for setting the communication success probability as an initial access probability for each of the secondary user terminals and enabling learning such that an access probability, a state function, and a utility function are updated for each of the secondary user terminals at each iteration; and a cognitive radio terminal determining unit for, when the leaning is completed in the reinforced learning unit, selecting a secondary user terminal to execute cognitive radio communication on the basis of a final access probability.

Abstract: A high-speed interface apparatus and method of correcting skew in the apparatus are provided. A high-speed transmitter includes a transmission D-PHY module that generates and transmits a clock signal through a clock channel, generates a deskew synchronous code and test data in response to a deskew request signal, transmits the deskew synchronous code followed by the test data through a data channel, and transmits a normal synchronous code followed by normal data through the data channel in normal mode.

Abstract: An image device may include a clock generator to generate a first output clock of a first frequency, a link layer to generate a control signal for changing the first frequency and output first parallel data including first frame information, a detector to generate a collision avoidance command to change the first frequency to a second frequency during a vertical blanking time, and a frequency changer to receive the collision avoidance command from the detector and transmit a frequency change command to the link layer. The link layer transmits the control signal to the clock generator based on the frequency change command. The vertical blanking time is a time period from a first time point at which the first parallel data is not output from the link layer to a second time point at which second parallel data is output.

Abstract: A high-speed interface apparatus and method of correcting skew in the apparatus are provided. A high-speed transmitter includes a transmission D-PHY module that generates and transmits a clock signal through a clock channel, generates a deskew synchronous code and test data in response to a deskew request signal, transmits the deskew synchronous code followed by the test data through a data channel, and transmits a normal synchronous code followed by normal data through the data channel in normal mode.

Abstract: Provided is a device for allocating a dynamic frequency for a secondary user in a cognitive radio network. The device includes: an OP map generation unit for generating an opportunity map, which represents a probability of successful communication of the secondary transmitter in each region of the cognitive radio network, by using one or more of spectrum sensing information, which is received from a spectrum sensor that has completed sensing and includes identifier information, location information, and a sensing measurement matrix, an access request message, which is received from the secondary transmitter and includes identifier information, location information, and operable band information, and the density and transmission powers of primary transmitters; and a response message generation unit for generating a response message, which includes the channel having the highest probability of successful communication and the probability of successful communication, based on the generated map.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to MV transistors with reduced gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) and impact ionization. The reduced GILD and impact ionization are achieved without increasing device pitch of the MV transistor. A low voltage (LV) device region and a medium voltage (MV) device region are disposed on the substrate. Non-extended spacers are disposed on the sidewalls of the LV gate in the LV device region; extended L shaped spacers are disposed on the sidewalls of the MV gate in the MV device region. The non-extended spacers and extended L shape spacers are patterned simultaneously. Extended L shaped spacers displace the MV heavily doped (HD) regions a greater distance from at least one sidewall of the MV gate to reduce the GIDL and impact ionization of the MV transistor.

Abstract: A high-speed interface apparatus and method of correcting skew in the apparatus are provided. A high-speed transmitter includes a transmission D-PHY module that generates and transmits a clock signal through a clock channel, generates a deskew synchronous code and test data in response to a deskew request signal, transmits the deskew synchronous code followed by the test data through a data channel, and transmits a normal synchronous code followed by normal data through the data channel in normal mode.

Abstract: A high-speed interface apparatus and method of correcting skew in the apparatus are provided. A high-speed transmitter includes a transmission D-PHY module that generates and transmits a clock signal through a clock channel, generates a deskew synchronous code and test data in response to a deskew request signal, transmits the deskew synchronous code followed by the test data through a data channel, and transmits a normal synchronous code followed by normal data through the data channel in normal mode.

Abstract: A high-speed interface apparatus and method of correcting skew in the apparatus are provided. A high-speed transmitter includes a transmission D-PHY module that generates and transmits a clock signal through a clock channel, generates a deskew synchronous code and test data in response to a deskew request signal, transmits the deskew synchronous code followed by the test data through a data channel, and transmits a normal synchronous code followed by normal data through the data channel in normal mode.

Abstract: A high-speed interface apparatus and method of correcting skew in the apparatus are provided. A high-speed transmitter includes a transmission D-PHY module that generates and transmits a clock signal through a clock channel, generates a deskew synchronous code and test data in response to a deskew request signal, transmits the deskew synchronous code followed by the test data through a data channel, and transmits a normal synchronous code followed by normal data through the data channel in normal mode.

Abstract: A system on chip is provided. The system on chip includes a delay control circuit configured to generate delayed clock signals having different delays, based on each of a first rising edge and a first falling edge of an input clock signal, and generate delayed data signals having different delays, based on each of a second rising edge and a second falling edge of an input data signal. The system on chip further includes a de-skew control circuit configured to control the delay control circuit to adjust a delay of each of the first rising edge, the first falling edge, the second rising edge, and the second falling edge.

Abstract: A high-speed interface apparatus and method of correcting skew in the apparatus are provided. A high-speed transmitter includes a transmission D-PHY module that generates and transmits a clock signal through a clock channel, generates a deskew synchronous code and test data in response to a deskew request signal, transmits the deskew synchronous code followed by the test data through a data channel, and transmits a normal synchronous code followed by normal data through the data channel in normal mode.

Abstract: A high-speed interface apparatus and method of correcting skew in the apparatus are provided. A high-speed transmitter includes a transmission D-PHY module that generates and transmits a clock signal through a clock channel, generates a deskew synchronous code and test data in response to a deskew request signal, transmits the deskew synchronous code followed by the test data through a data channel, and transmits a normal synchronous code followed by normal data through the data channel in normal mode.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to MV transistors with reduced gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) and impact ionization. The reduced GILD and impact ionization are achieved without increasing device pitch of the MV transistor. A low voltage (LV) device region and a medium voltage (MV) device region are disposed on the substrate. Non-extended spacers are disposed on the sidewalls of the LV gate in the LV device region; extended L shaped spacers are disposed on the sidewalls of the MV gate in the MV device region. The non-extended spacers and extended L shape spacers are patterned simultaneously. Extended L shaped spacers displace the MV heavily doped (HD) regions a greater distance from at least one sidewall of the MV gate to reduce the GIDL and impact ionization of the MV transistor.