Abstract: A memory device, includes a memory array for storing a plurality of vector data each of which has an MSB vector and a LSB vector. The memory array includes a plurality of memory units each of which has a first bit and a second bit. The first bit is used to store the MSB vector of each vector data, the second bit is used to store the LSB vector of each vector data. A bit line corresponding to each vector data executes one time of bit-line-setup, and reads the MSB vector and the LSB vector of each vector data according to the bit line. The threshold voltage distribution of each memory unit is divided into N states, where N is a positive integer and N is less than 2 to the power of 2, and the effective bit number stored by each memory unit is less than 2.

Abstract: A dynamic bandwidth allocation method with a punishment mechanism applicable in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is provided. The method utilizes GATE message, report message format, and different data types of a multipoint control protocol (MPCP) to order various queues to make the queues have priority and transmit them sequentially in transmission. Meanwhile, the method can fairly allocate the bandwidth and reduce the delay time of queue according to an appropriately designed punishment mechanism and bandwidth allocation principle, so as to fulfill the requirements of Quality of Service (QoS).

Abstract: A dynamic bandwidth allocation method with a punishment mechanism applicable in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is provided. The method utilizes GATE message, report message format, and different data types of a multipoint control protocol (MPCP) to order various queues to make the queues have priority and transmit them sequentially in transmission. Meanwhile, the method can fairly allocate the bandwidth and reduce the delay time of queue according to an appropriately designed punishment mechanism and bandwidth allocation principle, so as to fulfill the requirements of Quality of Service (QoS).