Abstract: An analog-to-digital converting circuit includes: an analog-to-digital converter suitable for performing an analog-to-digital conversion on pixel signals of a plurality of pixels provided in a pixel array; a ramp signal generator suitable for providing a ramp signal to the analog-to-digital converter; and an auto-zero controller suitable for providing a reference voltage to the analog-to-digital converter to perform an auto-zeroing operation by using a row pixel for which a readout operation is performed by the analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter circuit includes: a first operation amplifier suitable for comparing a ramp voltage and a voltage to be converted so as to produce an amplification result and outputting the amplification result; a second operation amplifier suitable for comparing the amplification result transferred to a first input terminal with a reference voltage transferred to a second input terminal so as to produce a comparison result and outputting the comparison result; a leakage current measurer suitable for measuring a leakage current to the first input terminal; and a leakage current generator suitable for causing a current of the same amount as that of the leakage current measured by the leakage current measurer to flow to the second input terminal.

Abstract: A substrate on which a specific type spacer is formed, a substrate comprising an alignment film formed on the spacer, and an optical device using such a substrate are disclosed herein. By controlling the shape of the spacer formed on the substrate, even when the alignment film is formed on the top of the spacer and the orientation treatment is performed, the uniform orientation treatment can be performed without any influence by the step or the like of the spacer, whereby a substrate or the like capable of providing a device having excellent optical performance can be provided.

Abstract: A substrate on which spacers are disposed in a certain arrangement state and an optical device using such a substrate are provided. A plurality of spacers are irregularly disposed on a substrate depending on a predetermined rule, so that overall uniform optical characteristics can be ensured without causing a so-called moire phenomenon or the like, while the spacers maintain the uniform cell gap in the construction of the optical device.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image sensing device and an operating method thereof, and the image sensing device may include a light detection circuit coupled between a low voltage terminal and a first node, a first transmission circuit coupled between the first node and a second node, a storage circuit coupled between the second node and a third node, a first coupling circuit coupled between the third node and a high voltage terminal, a second transmission circuit coupled between the third node and the first node, and a second coupling circuit coupled between the second node and the high voltage terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reforming system using an off gas as a cooling medium, which includes: a compressor configured to compress a feed gas; a cooling system a heat exchanger connected to the compressor and configured to cool the feed gas, the temperature of which has been raised in a compression process, by a cooling medium including cooling water; a reformer configured to generate a synthesis gas including hydrogen by reacting the feed gas, which passed through the heat exchanger, with water; a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit configured to separate hydrogen from the synthesis gas generated by the reformer and discharge the off gas; and an off gas line configured to feed the off gas discharged from the PSA unit to the heat exchanger such that the heat exchanger utilizes the off gas as the cooling medium.

Abstract: An image sensor includes: a normal pixel which outputs pixel data; a plurality of dummy pixels each of which outputs a reset signal; and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit suitable for analog-to-digital converting the pixel data based on the pixel data and an average value of the reset signals.

Abstract: A substrate having a spacer formed thereon, a method of making the same, and an optical device including the same are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a substrate includes a base layer, and a black column spacer formed on the base layer, wherein the black column spacer has an optical density in a range of 1.1 to 4, and wherein the black column spacer having a curved portion, wherein a cross section of the curved portion having at least one region having curvature.

Abstract: A substrate and a method for producing the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a substrate includes a base layer, a black layer formed on the base layer, and column spacers formed on the black layer, wherein a loss rate of spacers measured by a peel test is 15% or less. The substrate can have excellent adhesiveness of the spacer to the base layer or the black layer and ensuring appropriate darkening properties. The method can effectively produce such a substrate without adverse effects such as occurrence of foreign materials without separate treatment such as heat treatment.

Abstract: A dash panel assembly includes: a cowl inner upper panel coupled to a first side of a dash main panel; a cowl inner lower panel coupled to the cowl inner upper panel and the dash main panel, and configured to form a closed section with the cowl inner upper panel; and a dash cross upper member coupled to a second side of the dash main panel and configured to overlap the closed section with the dash main panel disposed therebetween.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rubber composition for tires. The rubber composition for tires comprises polymer having reactive functional group (1) in a rubber raw material, and reactive layered silicate having reactive functional group (2) potentially reacting with the above polymer. When a rubber is manufactured by melt-admixing the rubber raw material that contains the polymer having the reactive functional group (1) potentially reacting with the reactive functional group (2) of the reactive layered silicate, the rubber composition for tires of the present invention exhibits improved compatibility between the rubber raw material and the reactive layered silicate by chemical reaction of the polymer having the reactive functional group (1) contained in the rubber raw material, with the reactive functional group (2) of the reactive layered silicate. By the chemical reaction, the reaction material produced has ionic group and is placed more stably between layers and/or particles of the layered silicate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polypropylene composite composition. The polypropylene composite composition comprises 50 to 80% by weight of polypropylene, 6 to 30% by weight of talc, 10 to 30% by weight of a rubber, 3 to 15% by weight of glass bubbles, and 0.5 to 7% by weight of a coupling agent wherein the coupling agent is a compound represented by Formula 1 below: wherein n is an integer from 1 to 500. According to the composition, the compatibility between the glass bubbles and the polypropylene can be improved, thus enabling effective use of the glass bubbles. Therefore, when the composition is used to produce automotive components, such as automotive interior components, the fuel efficiency of automobiles can be improved due to weight reduction effects of polypropylene composites. In addition, since the composition uses colorless and odorless glass bubbles, it can remove an unpleasant smell generated from conventional interior components using talc and is thus environmentally friendly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polypropylene composite composition. The polypropylene composite composition comprises 50 to 80% by weight of polypropylene, 6 to 30% by weight of talc, 10 to 30% by weight of a rubber, 3 to 15% by weight of glass bubbles, and 0.5 to 7% by weight of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAH-PP). According to the composition, the compatibility between the glass bubbles and the polypropylene can be improved, thus enabling effective use of the glass bubbles. Therefore, when the composition is used to produce automotive components, such as automotive interior components, the fuel efficiency of automobiles can be improved due to weight reduction effects of polypropylene composites. In addition, since the composition uses colorless and odorless glass bubbles, it can remove an unpleasant smell generated from conventional interior components using talc and is thus environmentally friendly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for processing a polypropylene compound containing glass bubbles. The processing apparatus includes an extruder receiving a screw therein, a first hopper mounted on an outer peripheral surface of the extruder at a position corresponding to a beginning portion of the screw and used to introduce the polypropylene compound, which is a main material, into the extruder, and a second hopper mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the extruder at a position spaced apart from the first hopper by a predetermined distance and used to introduce glass bubbles into the extruder, so as to allow the glass bubbles to be mixed with the polypropylene compound that is being transferred by the screw. The processing apparatus has the effect of preventing damage to glass bubbles by minimizing a passage distance of the glass bubble along the screw of the extruder, thereby achieving a reduced weight and improved physical properties of a molded article to be discharged from the extruder.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polypropylene composite composition. The polypropylene composite composition comprises 50 to 80% by weight of polypropylene, 6 to 30% by weight of talc, 10 to 30% by weight of a rubber, 3 to 15% by weight of glass bubbles, and 0.5 to 7% by weight of a coupling agent wherein the coupling agent is a compound represented by Formula 1 below: wherein n is an integer from 1 to 500. According to the composition, the compatibility between the glass bubbles and the polypropylene can be improved, thus enabling effective use of the glass bubbles. Therefore, when the composition is used to produce automotive components, such as automotive interior components, the fuel efficiency of automobiles can be improved due to weight reduction effects of polypropylene composites. In addition, since the composition uses colorless and odorless glass bubbles, it can remove an unpleasant smell generated from conventional interior components using talc and is thus environmentally friendly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polypropylene composite composition. The polypropylene composite composition comprises 50 to 80% by weight of polypropylene, 6 to 30% by weight of talc, 10 to 30% by weight of a rubber, 3 to 15% by weight of glass bubbles, and 0.5 to 7% by weight of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAH-PP). According to the composition, the compatibility between the glass bubbles and the polypropylene can be improved, thus enabling effective use of the glass bubbles. Therefore, when the composition is used to produce automotive components, such as automotive interior components, the fuel efficiency of automobiles can be improved due to weight reduction effects of polypropylene composites. In addition, since the composition uses colorless and odorless glass bubbles, it can remove an unpleasant smell generated from conventional interior components using talc and is thus environmentally friendly.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a light emitting device for a tire, comprising: a light emitting pattern forming unit attached on a predetermined position of a tire sidewall, having at least one light emitting device in a regular array; a light emitting control unit for controlling on/off of each light emitting device in accordance with a predetermined light emitting pattern by a regular period; and a power supply unit for supplying a power to the light emitting control unit and the light emitting device.