Abstract: An energy storage system configured to be coupled to at least one of a power generation system, a grid, or a load, and including a battery system including a system bus, a system controller coupled to the system bus and configured to transmit one or more first system frames, each of the first system frames including a command, and one or more battery racks coupled to the system bus and configured to transmit one or more second system frames, wherein at least one of the battery racks includes a rack for storing power, and a rack controller for receiving rack data and for transmitting the one or more second system frames, each of the second system frames including the command and at least a portion of the rack data, wherein at least one of the one or more second system frames further includes a second system frame counter.

Abstract: A battery system includes a master rack that has a first battery pack and a master battery management system, which master battery management system controls the first battery pack, and includes a slave rack that has a second battery pack and a slave battery management system, which the slave battery management system controls the second battery pack in response to a command from the master battery management system. The slave battery management system reports information as to a state of the second battery pack, and the master battery management system controls the first battery pack after the master battery management system receives the information from the slave battery management system.

Abstract: A battery management system (BMS) manages a battery for a hybrid vehicle including an engine control unit and a motor generator controlled by the engine control unit and connected to a battery including at least one battery pack, each pack including a plurality of battery cells. The BMS includes a sensor and an MCU unit. The sensor detects temperature, current, and open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery. The MCU receives the detected temperature, current, and OCV, calculates a key-off time period which is a period between a time point when a battery key-on state ends and a time point when a subsequent battery key-on state begins, calculates an OCV error range corresponding to an SOC error range detected at the key-off time point, and infers an initial SOC of the battery.

Abstract: A battery pack, a charging system including the battery pack, and a method of controlling the charging system are disclosed. The battery pack includes a plurality of rechargeable battery cells and a protection circuit for protecting the battery cells. The protection circuit includes an analog front end (AFE) integrated circuit (IC) and a microcomputer. The AFE IC is for supplying an operating voltage of a microcomputer to the microcomputer and to a charging device. Thus, when the battery pack is charged, an abnormal operation of the AFE IC can be detected by the charging device and the charging of the battery pack stopped, thereby preventing an explosion of the battery pack.

Abstract: An electric vehicle and a method of controlling the electric vehicle are disclosed. In one embodiment, the electric vehicle includes i) a battery configured to provide electric energy to the motor, ii) a remaining energy-amount detector configured to detect a remaining energy-amount of the battery and iii) a manipulation unit configured to receive target information from a user. The vehicle also includes a guide information generator configured to generate driving guide information based at least in part on the remaining energy-amount of the battery and the target information and a display unit configured to display the driving guide information.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a battery pack and an energy storage system including the apparatus are disclosed. In one embodiment, the battery pack includes at least one battery tray each including one or more battery cells. The apparatus may include an open circuit voltage (OCV) calculator and a state of charge (SOC) estimator. The OCV calculator may receive OCV measurement values of the battery cells of each battery tray when the power of the battery pack is turned on, and calculate a final OCV of the battery cells based at least in part on the OCV measurement values. The SOC estimator may extract an SOC value corresponding to the final OCV from an SOC table and estimate the extracted SOC value as an initial SOC.

Abstract: A battery system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes i) a plurality of battery modules each of which is configured to store power, wherein each battery module is electrically connected to at least one other battery module and ii) a plurality of management units configured to monitor states of the battery modules. Each management unit is electrically connected to at least one other management unit and one or more of the battery modules. Each management unit may include: at least one measuring unit configured to perform the monitoring and a receiving unit configured to i) receive measurement data including the monitoring results from the measuring unit via a first communication protocol and ii) receive measurement data from another receiving unit included in another management unit via a second communication protocol different from the first communication protocol.

Abstract: A battery system includes a rack having a plurality of battery tray positions, a battery tray in a corresponding battery tray position among the battery tray positions, and a system management unit electrically coupled to the battery tray. Each of the battery tray positions is associated with position information, and the battery tray has an identifier. The system management unit is configured to receive and store the position information and the identifier, and to determine the corresponding battery tray position of the battery tray in accordance with the identifier and the position information.

Abstract: A battery system having components with reduced maximum voltage tolerance requirements is disclosed. The battery system includes a battery pack with battery modules, and measuring units, which are connected to the battery modules. The measuring units have first analog front ends (AFEs) for monitoring the at least two battery modules. Each first AFE is configured to transmit information related to the monitored characteristic via an isolator to a processor configured to control the battery pack based on the transmitted information. The isolator receives the transmitted information from an AFE which is not connected to the battery module having the least electric potential or to the battery module having the greatest electric potential.

Abstract: A battery management system and a driving method include a first switch coupled to an end of a resistor. When calculating an internal resistance of a battery, the first switch is turned on and the battery and the resistor are coupled in parallel. Then, the internal resistance of the battery is calculated by using a second current flowing to the battery and a first current flowing to the resistor.

Abstract: A battery pack including a plurality of battery cells and a method of controlling the battery pack are provided. The method includes: permanently cutting off charging and discharging paths of the battery pack; and discharging one or more of the battery cells when a condition of which satisfies a reference condition. Therefore, state of the battery pack changes from its failure state to a stable state.

Abstract: A secondary battery pack is described that is rechargeable and has a large capacity. The secondary pack has multiple battery units and at least one controller. Each battery unit of the battery pack includes a cell unit and a cell balancing system. In one embodiment, the cell balancing system has at least three detachable connections for connecting the cell balancing system to the cell unit, the controller or to other cell balancing units. The connections allow the cell balancing systems to be detached from the battery units and reused.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a battery cell; a protective circuit for protecting the battery cell; a first analog/digital (A/D) converter for converting a voltage of the battery cell into a digital value and outputting the digital value as a first voltage value; a second A/D converter for converting the voltage of the battery cell into another digital value and outputting the another digital value as a second voltage value; and a comparator for comparing the first voltage value with the second voltage value and determining whether A/D conversion of the battery pack is normal or defective according to the comparison.

Abstract: A battery pack and a method of controlling the same is disclosed. The battery pack determines a cell deviation after the battery pack is fully charged or over-discharged, and thus the battery pack can reduce the cell deviation by performing cell balancing.

Abstract: A battery pack, a charging system including the battery pack, and a method of controlling the charging system are disclosed. The battery pack includes a plurality of rechargeable battery cells and a protection circuit for protecting the battery cells. The protection circuit includes an analog front end (AFE) integrated circuit (IC) and a microcomputer. The AFE IC is for supplying an operating voltage of a microcomputer to the microcomputer and to a charging device. Thus, when the battery pack is charged, an abnormal operation of the AFE IC can be detected by the charging device and the charging of the battery pack stopped, thereby preventing an explosion of the battery pack.

Abstract: A battery pack, a charger, and a charging system. The battery pack includes a rechargeable battery, and a protection circuit to control charging and discharging of the battery, wherein the protection circuit includes a micom to output an operating state signal representing an operating state of the micom and a malfunction transferring unit to transfer information on whether the battery is malfunctioning based on the operating state signal. Accordingly, when an error is detected by the protection circuit of the battery pack, charging is stopped, and thus the battery pack may be stably charged.

Abstract: A sensing and control apparatus for a battery management system is provided. The sensing and control apparatus includes: a sensing unit and a main control unit. The sensing unit includes: a cell relay of a plurality of cell relays and a voltage detection unit. The cell relay is configured to be coupled to at least one of a plurality of cells. The voltage detection unit is coupled to a cell relay. The voltage detection unit is configured to: receive a reference voltage when each of the plurality of cell relays is turned off; and generate a second voltage by amplifying by a gain a first voltage that corresponds to the reference voltage. The main control unit is configured to calculate a valid gain corresponding to a ratio of the second voltage to the reference voltage when the temperature of the voltage detection unit is within a threshold temperature range.

Abstract: A vehicle using a motor, and a method of controlling the vehicle. The vehicle includes a battery for providing electric energy to the motor, a remaining energy-amount detector for detecting an amount of remaining energy of the battery, a distance calculator for calculating an available moving distance of the vehicle corresponding to the amount of remaining energy and a weight applied to the vehicle, and a display unit for displaying the available moving distance.

Abstract: An electric vehicle and a method of controlling the electric vehicle are disclosed. In one embodiment, the electric vehicle includes i) a battery configured to provide electric energy to the motor, ii) a remaining energy-amount detector configured to detect a remaining energy-amount of the battery and iii) a manipulation unit configured to receive target information from a user. The vehicle also includes a guide information generator configured to generate driving guide information based at least in part on the remaining energy-amount of the battery and the target information and a display unit configured to display the driving guide information.

Abstract: A battery pack includes: a first battery cell group including at least one high capacity battery cell; and a second battery cell group including at least one high output battery cell and being coupled in parallel to the first battery cell group, wherein the high output battery cell is configured to output a greater current than the high capacity battery cell, the high capacity battery cell is configured to store a greater amount of electric energy compared to the high output battery cell, and the battery pack is configured to operate in one of operational modes including: a high capacity mode for outputting electric energy stored in the first battery cell group; a high output mode for outputting electric energy stored in the second battery cell group; and a mutual charge mode for charging the first battery cell group or the second battery cell group.