Abstract: The invention provides a surface covering product, in particular a floor covering product, comprising boundary walls defining a lower face which in use faces a surface to be covered, said boundary walls having an upper face extending up to 60 cm from said lower face, said boundary walls dividing a part of said surface to be covered into at least partially enclosed surface parts and providing a boundary for at least one filling composition in said at least partially enclosed surface parts, wherein said surface covering product further comprises a base web having said boundary walls coupled to said base web for holding said boundary walls in position, and said base web comprises an upper surface below said upper face of said boundary walls, and a lower surface which in use rests on said surface to be covered, said boundary walls are coupled on top of said base web, and in use said filling composition covers said base web and at least part of said boundary walls, and wherein at least said boundary walls are form

Abstract: A method of designing and engineering a building element (e.g., a staircase) that is structurally verified and may be easily certified. The method uses a parametric three-dimensional (3D) model of the building element and a constraint space definition. It ensures that the building element will fit in the building and will comply with functional, legal, and/or other requirements, such as strength, dimensional requirements, or use of certain materials. A computer system provides a user tool for easily amending the building element while visualizing it in its specific use. It also converts the amended building element to processing instructions for 3D manufacturing, such that the end product complies with the constraint space definition. A user without extensive knowledge of engineering, complex computer-aided design (CAD) programs, or 3D manufacturing can easily amend a design to his or her personal need and have the building element custom produced.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming a building element, comprising defining in a computer memory: a building element parametric three-dimensional (3D) model of a building element, and a building element constraint space, said building element constraint space comprising building element dimensional parameters of said building element that are mathematically coupled to at least one selected from another dimensional parameter of the building element, a minimum value, a maximum value, and a combination thereof; said method further comprising running a computer program on a computer system which: retrieves from said computer memory said building element parametric 3D model and its linked constraint space; visualises said building element parametric 3D model through a display system; provides a user tool which is visualised through said display system and which allows a user to modify one or more building element dimensional parameters to provide an amended building element parametric 3D model by receiv

Abstract: The invention provides a surface covering product, in particular a floor covering product, comprising boundary walls defining a lower face which in use faces a surface to be covered, said boundary walls having an upper face extending up to 60 cm from said lower face, said boundary walls dividing a part of said surface to be covered into at least partially enclosed surface parts and providing a boundary for at least one filling composition in said at least partially enclosed surface parts, wherein said surface covering product further comprises a base web having said boundary walls coupled to said base web for holding said boundary walls in position, and said base web comprises an upper surface below said upper face of said boundary walls, and a lower surface which in use rests on said surface to be covered, said boundary walls are coupled on top of said base web, and in use said filling composition covers said base web and at least part of said boundary walls, and wherein at least said boundary walls are form

Abstract: A polycarbonate is provided that contains repeat units derived from isosorbide and a residue derived from an activated diaryl carbonate. The polycarbonate has 1H-NMR peaks associated with the repeat units derived from isosorbide. The polycarbonate contains no more than a maximum allowable amount of sorbitol-derived color bodies. If these color bodies are present in the polycarbonate it has a 1H-NMR peak associated with the color bodies. The maximum allowable amount of color bodies are present when the integrated area of the 1H-NMR peak associated with the color bodies divided by the integrated areas of the 1H-NMR peaks associated with the repeat units derived from isosorbide is 0.025.

Abstract: A polycarbonate is provided that contains repeat units derived from isosorbide and a residue derived from an activated diaryl carbonate. The polycarbonate has 1H-NMR peaks associated with the repeat units derived from isosorbide. The polycarbonate contains no more than a maximum allowable amount of sorbitol-derived color bodies. If these color bodies are present in the polycarbonate it has a 1H-NMR peak associated with the color bodies. The maximum allowable amount of color bodies are present when the integrated area of the 1H-NMR peak associated with the color bodies divided by the integrated areas of the 1H-NMR peaks associated with the repeat units derived from isosorbide is 0.025.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polycarbonate comprising a terminal olefin group of the formula wherein R1 is a C1-C40 hydrocarbon that can be unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen, olefin, ether, ketone, or C4-C30 polyoxyalkylene functionality in which the alkylene groups contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R2 to R4 are each independently a hydrogen or a C1-C40 hydrocarbon that can be unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen, olefin, ether, ketone, or a C4-C30 polyoxyalkylene functionality in which the alkylene groups contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and optionally wherein any two of R1 to R4 together form a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring system optionally substituted with a heteroatom in each ring.

Abstract: A method of increasing the branching and polydispersity of a polycarbonate includes the steps of: (a) including in the polycarbonate at least one species of an alkyl substituted monomer, and (b) treating the polycarbonate at an elevated temperature and for a sufficient time to increase the branching and polydispersity relative to an otherwise equivalent polycarbonate without alkyl substituents.

Abstract: A polycarbonate is provided that contains repeat units derived from isosorbide and a residue derived from an activated diaryl carbonate. The polycarbonate has 1H-NMR peaks associated with the repeat units derived from isosorbide. The polycarbonate contains no more than a maximum allowable amount of sorbitol-derived color bodies. If these color bodies are present in the polycarbonate it has a 1H-NMR peak associated with the color bodies. The maximum allowable amount of color bodies are present when the integrated area of the 1H-NMR peak associated with the color bodies divided by the integrated areas of the 1H-NMR peaks associated with the repeat units derived from isosorbide is 0.025.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polycarbonate comprising a terminal olefin group of the formula wherein R1 is a C1-C40 hydrocarbon that can be unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen, olefin, ether, ketone, or C4-C30 polyoxyalkylene functionality in which the alkylene groups contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R2 to R4 are each independently a hydrogen or a C1-C40 hydrocarbon that can be unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen, olefin, ether, ketone, or a C4-C30 polyoxyalkylene functionality in which the alkylene groups contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and optionally wherein any two of R1 to R4 together form a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring system optionally substituted with a heteroatom in each ring.

Abstract: A method of increasing the branching and polydispersity of a polycarbonate includes the steps of: (a) including in the polycarbonate at least one species of an alkyl substituted monomer, and (b) treating the polycarbonate at an elevated temperature and for a sufficient time to increase the branching and polydispersity relative to an otherwise equivalent polycarbonate without alkyl substituents.