Abstract: A nonvolatile memory may include; a first memory cell array including a first selection transistor connected to a first string selection line, a second memory cell array including a second selection transistor connected to a second string selection line and spaced apart from the first string selection line by a first cutting line, and a peripheral circuit. The peripheral circuit may provide a first program voltage to the first selection transistor, provide a second program voltage to the second selection transistor different from the first program voltage, program the first selection transistor with a first threshold voltage in response to the first program voltage, and program the second selection transistor with a second threshold voltage level greater than the first threshold voltage in response to the second program voltage.

Abstract: A power module includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, a first semiconductor chip, a first spacer configured to electrically connect a first metal layer to a second metal layer, a second spacer configured to electrically connect the first semiconductor chip to the first metal layer, a first connection layer having conductivity, disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and configured to allow the first spacer and the second spacer to penetrate the first connection layer, and a power lead.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, conductive pads arranged on the substrate over a plurality of rows, and a drive circuit chip including bumps arranged over a plurality of rows to be electrically connected with the conductive pads, and the conductive pads arranged in a same row are arranged in parallel, and the bumps arranged in a same row are arranged in a zigzag form so as to be partially shifted.

Abstract: A system for controlling multiple air conditioners. The system includes a demand control unit configured to calculate an estimated power amount used by the multiple air conditioners based on an amount of power consumed by the multiple air conditioners during a predetermined time period, and to forcibly control an operation of one or more air conditioners based on a size of the estimated power amount. Further, the demand control unit is connected to the multiple air conditioners and communicates with the multiple air conditioners using a serial data communication protocol.

Abstract: Disclosed are a temperature control method and apparatus for a multi-type air conditioner which are capable of maintaining a pleasant indoor environment and increasing energy efficiency by automatically controlling a temperature setting for a multi-type air conditioner's operation within a desired temperature range and maintaining it thereat, by controlling or preventing an undesirable temperature setting input at an indoor unit.

Abstract: A demand control system for the multi-type air conditioner includes a demand control unit for controlling the operational efficiency of the air conditioners by changing the operation mode of the air conditioners when the estimated wattage exceeds a set wattage while enabling the user to feel more comfortable.

Abstract: A system for controlling multiple air conditioners. The system includes a demand control unit configured to calculate an estimated power amount used by the multiple air conditioners based on an amount of power consumed by the multiple air conditioners during a predetermined time period, and to forcibly control an operation of one or more air conditioners based on a size of the estimated power amount. Further, the demand control unit is connected to the multiple air conditioners and communicates with the multiple air conditioners using a serial data communication protocol.