Abstract: A “black” pixel for measuring dark current is produced using carbon-based or pigment-based black photosensitive resist deposited on a support layer that is formed using negative-tone photosensitive resist, both being formed over the light sensitive portion of the black pixel. After an array of pixels is fabricated, a negative-tone resist layer is deposited on the upper insulator formed over the pixels, and a region of the negative-tone resist located over the black pixel is exposed using a first mask. A carbon-based resist layer is deposited on the negative-tone resist layer, and a region of the carbon-based resist located over the black pixel is exposed using a second mask. The negative-tone and carbon-based resists are then developed to remove portions of the layers not located over the black pixel.

Abstract: A “black” pixel for measuring dark current is produced using carbon-based or pigment-based black photosensitive resist deposited on a support layer that is formed using negative-tone photosensitive resist, both being formed over the light sensitive portion of the black pixel. After an array of pixels is fabricated, a negative-tone resist layer is deposited on the upper insulator formed over the pixels, and a region of the negative-tone resist located over the black pixel is exposed using a first mask. A carbon-based resist layer is deposited on the negative-tone resist layer, and a region of the carbon-based resist located over the black pixel is exposed using a second mask. The negative-tone and carbon-based resists are then developed to remove portions of the layers not located over the black pixel.

Abstract: A viewing device for viewing transparencies comprising a display surface; a source of backlighting that backlights the display surface with linearly polarization axis; member for holding a transparency on the display surface;an optical sensor positioned so that it views the display surface; and polarizer, having a polarizer axis, and suituated between the display surface and the optical sensor. The viewing device is configured such that the polarizer axis is functionallu related to the polarization axis of the polarized light; and the polarized is smaller than the display surface.

Abstract: A method for viewing transparencies comprising backlighting a transparency with polarized light and viewing the transparency through a polarizer. Preferably, the polarization axis of the backlighting and the polarization axis of the polarizer are oriented at about 90 degrees to each other. The transparency is oriented so that a substantial amount of polarized backlighting passes through the transparency and the polarizer. Also disclosed are apparatus for viewing a transparency using polarized backlighting.

Abstract: A transparency viewing device including a faceplate adapted for mounting at least one transparency thereon, a passive matrix LCD array comprising a plurality of row electrodes and a plurality of column electrodes separated by liquid crystal material, one of said plurality of electrodes having N electrodes and the other of said plurality of electrodes having M electrodes whereby the intersections of the row and column electrodes define a matrix of M.times.N pixel elements arranged in rows and columns, which pixels are excited by an RMS voltage difference between the two electrodes intersecting a pixel and a driver which electrifies the row and column electrodes such that at least one of a plurality n of the N electrodes or a plurality m of the M electrodes are identically electrified, wherein n.ltoreq.N and m.ltoreq.M.

Abstract: A transparency viewing device including a faceplate adapted for mounting at least one transparency thereon, an LCD array defining an array of pixels, a driver which selectively varies the transparency of the pixels, a source of back illumination for the LCD array wherein the LCD is substantially effective to effectively block light within a relatively limited range of angles around the normal to the LCD and is relatively ineffective to block light reaching it from angles outside the limited range of angles and a light detector which views the array from an angle outside the range of angles at which the LCD is substantially effective to block the light.

Abstract: A transparency viewing device including a faceplate adapted for mounting at least one transparency thereon, an LCD array having a given chromaticity underlying the faceplate, a source of backlighting for the LCD array having a variable chromaticity and a controller which controls the chromaticity of the backlighting source based on the chromaticity of the light passing through the film and the LCA.

Abstract: Viewing apparatus including a transparency viewing apparatus (18, 19) and an electronic data display (58) unit mounted, preferably side-by-side in a housing.

Abstract: A transparency viewing device including a faceplate adapted for mounting at least one transparency thereon, a passive Matrix LCD array comprising a plurality of row electrodes and a plurality of column electrodes separated by liquid crystal material, one of said plurality of electrodes having N electrodes and the other of said plurality of electrodes having M electrodes whereby the intersections of the row and column electrodes define a matrix of M.times.N pixel elements arranged in rows and columns, which pixels are excited by an RMS voltage difference between the two electrodes intersecting a pixel and a driver which electrifies the row and column electrodes such that at least one of a plurality n of the N electrodes or a plurality m of the M electrodes are identically electrified, wherein n.ltoreq.N and m.ltoreq.M.