Abstract: In an embodiment, a session management function (SMF) network element obtains first information identifying a data stream, where the first information is used to instruct a transmit end to send a user stream using the data stream and to instruct a receive end to receive the user stream using the data stream; and the receive end is an access network element, and the transmit end is a user plane function network element, or vice versa; the SMF network element sends the first information to the user plane function network element and/or the access network element; the SMF network element obtains second information, where the second information is used to indicate a forwarding rule of transmitting the user stream by the user plane function network element on a data network side; and the SMF network element sends the second information to the user plane function network element.

Abstract: This application provides a route configuration method and an apparatus, and relates to the field of communication technologies. The route configuration method includes: A session management network element obtains VLAN information of a first port, where the first port is a port, which corresponds to an established PDU session of a first terminal, on a first user plane network element, and the first user plane network element is a user plane network element that serves the first terminal. The session management network element generates first routing information and second routing information based on the VLAN information of the first port, and sends the first routing information and the second routing information to the first user plane network element.

Abstract: This application describes examples of a wireless communication method, a communication apparatus, and a communication system. In one example, the method includes obtaining, by a radio access network device, a first time point at which a downlink data flow of a first application arrives at the radio access network device and a second time point at which a downlink data flow of a second application arrives at the radio access network device. When the first time point and the second time point meet a first condition, the radio access network device determines, based on a load capability of the radio access network device, a third time point at which the downlink data flow of the first application arrives at the radio access network device. The third time point is an adjusted time point at which the downlink data flow of the first application arrives at the radio access network device.

Abstract: A session management method and an apparatus, where the method includes: obtaining, by a session management function (SMF), a point-to-point protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) message from a user equipment; assigning a PPPoE session identifier and/or an Internet Protocol (IP) address to the user equipment; and sending, by the SMF, the assigned PPPoE session identifier and/or IP address to the user equipment, to establish a PPPoE connection between the user equipment and a network side device. The method is performed after a packet data unit (PDU) session is successfully established. The SMF sends the PPPoE session identifier and/or the IP address to the user equipment. In this case, the user equipment can store a correspondence between the established PDU session and a PPPoE session, such that the user equipment accesses a 5G core network (CN) through a fixed network.

Abstract: Example communication methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes determining a first encapsulation identifier corresponding to an Ethernet session by a control plane network element and sending the first encapsulation identifier corresponding to the Ethernet session to a user plane network element, where the first encapsulation identifier is used to instruct the user plane network element to process a data packet corresponding to the Ethernet session based on the first encapsulation identifier. The terminal device determines the first encapsulation identifier corresponding to the Ethernet session and encapsulates an uplink data packet based on the first encapsulation identifier, where the uplink data packet is a data packet triggered by an application program bound to the Ethernet session. The encapsulated data packet is mapped to the Ethernet session corresponding to the first encapsulation identifier for transmission based on the first encapsulation identifier.

Abstract: A communication method includes: determining, based on first indication information and second indication information, a transmit end and a receive end that communicate with each other by using a data flow, to indicate that a first device is the transmit end and the second indication information is used to indicate that a second device is the receive end, or to indicate that the first device is the receive end and the second indication information is used to indicate that the second device is the transmit end; obtaining, bandwidth information of the data flow; and sending, data flow information and the bandwidth information to indicate at least one of a port identifier of the transmit end and a port identifier of the receive end, and the port identifier of the transmit end, the port identifier of the receive end, and the bandwidth information are used to create the data flow.

Abstract: A session management network element determines whether a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus have a redundancy functionality, receives a session establishment request message from a first terminal device, to request to establish a first session between the first terminal device and a data network. When both the first communication apparatus and the second communication apparatus have the redundancy functionality, and the first session is a redundant session, selects a first user plane function network element to establish the first session, where the second user plane function network element is configured to establish a second session, the first session is a redundant session of the second session, and the first session and the second session are for communication between the first communication apparatus and the second communication apparatus.

Abstract: A time-sensitive networking communication method and an apparatus, where the method may include: receiving, by a policy control network element, forwarding policy information of time sensitive networking (TSN) traffic; triggering the policy control network element to manage a quality of service (QoS) flow corresponding to the TSN traffic; determining a user terminal corresponding to the TSN traffic; determining, in a QoS flow corresponding to the user terminal, the QoS flow corresponding to the TSN traffic; creating or updating, according to the forwarding policy information, a QoS policy of the QoS flow corresponding to the TSN traffic; and sending the QoS policy to a session management network element, where the forwarding policy information includes traffic information of the TSN traffic and an identifier of a port that transmits the TSN traffic.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a session management function (SMF) network element obtains first information identifying a data stream, where the first information is used to instruct a transmit end to send a user stream using the data stream and to instruct a receive end to receive the user stream using the data stream; and the receive end is an access network element, and the transmit end is a user plane function network element, or vice versa; the SMF network element sends the first information to the user plane function network element and/or the access network element; the SMF network element obtains second information, where the second information is used to indicate a forwarding rule of transmitting the user stream by the user plane function network element on a data network side; and the SMF network element sends the second information to the user plane function network element.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a session management method and an apparatus. The technology is specifically related to sending, by user equipment, a NAS message to an AGF, where the NAS message includes a PDU session establishment request message used to request to establish a PDU session, receiving, by the user equipment, a PDU session establishment accept message returned by a network side device, and establishing, by the user equipment, an access session with the AGF, where the access session is an access session related to the PDU session. The user equipment sends the NAS message to establish the PDU session, and establishes the access session with the AGF. Because the access session is related to the PDU session, the user equipment can map the PDU session to the access session, so that the user equipment accesses a 5G CN through a fixed network.

Abstract: A communication method implemented by a terminal device includes detecting whether a clock source declaration from a user plane network element is received within a first duration, and when the terminal device does not receive the clock source declaration from the user plane network element within the first duration, sending a clock source declaration from a remote device to the user plane network element. According to the method, when the terminal device does not receive the clock source declaration from the user plane network element within the first duration, this indicates that the user plane network element cannot receive a clock source declaration from another terminal device. Accordingly, the clock source declaration of the remote device is sent to the user plane network element.

Abstract: This application discloses a data transmission method, a link quality detection method, a communication apparatus, and a storage medium, and relates to the communication field. The data transmission method includes: A first user plane function receives data from a first terminal, where the data is data sent to a second terminal; and the first user plane function sends the data to a second user plane function through a first QoS flow, where the second user plane function is a user plane function corresponding to the second terminal. In the data transmission method, data transmission is performed between the first user plane function and the second user plane function through the first QoS flow, and data transmission can also be performed between the first terminal and the first user plane function and between the second terminal and the second user plane function based on a QoS flow.

Abstract: A packet forwarding method includes that a session management network element sends a path identifier to a first device, where the first device includes an access network element corresponding to a protocol data unit (PDU) session and a user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session, the PDU session corresponds to a first terminal, the path identifier indicates a first path from the access network element to the user plane network element, the first path includes a part or all of a second path, and the second path is a path corresponding to a PDU session pre-established by the session management network element for a second terminal. The session management network element further sends, to the first device, identification information of a destination address corresponding to the path identifier.

Abstract: A device access method includes obtaining, by a mobility management entity, an identifier of a remote device and an identifier of a relay device, determining, by the mobility management entity based on at least one of the identifier of the remote device or the identifier of the relay device, to allow the remote device to access the network using the relay device, and sending, by the mobility management entity, a registration success message to the remote device using the relay device.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a data transmission method, to reduce a delay. If a network device receives burst data, the network device preferentially sends the burst data. The burst data may be data whose data amount is greater than a data amount threshold.

Abstract: A time-sensitive networking communication method and an apparatus, where the method may include: determining, by an application function network element, a virtual switching node identifier corresponding to a port identifier of a user plane function network element; determining a virtual port identifier of a virtual switching node identified by the virtual switching node identifier; obtaining attribute information of the virtual switching node, where the attribute information includes attribute information of a port identified by the port identifier of the user plane function network element and attribute information of a virtual port identified by the virtual port identifier; and sending the attribute information of the virtual switching node to a time-sensitive network, where the attribute information of the virtual switching node is used to request the time-sensitive network to register or update the virtual switching node based on the attribute information of the virtual switching node.

Abstract: A communication method includes receiving, by a terminal device, first clock source information. The first clock source information corresponds to clock source information of a wireless communication system. The first clock source information indicates that a fifth generation (5G) system clock is useable as a clock source. The method further includes sending, by the terminal device, the first clock source information to an adjacent device.

Abstract: A data transmission method and apparatus are provided. One example method involves establishing two tunnels between an access network device and a user plane function network element, where the two tunnels may be tunnels used for downlink data transmission or tunnels used for uplink data transmission. When communicating with the user plane function network element, the access network device may transmit two data packets. In this way, when one data packet is lost, the receive end may further receive the other data packet.

Abstract: A multicast group creation method, a multicast group joining method, and an apparatus, where the multicast group creation method includes: a user multicast source terminal sending a first request message to a first control plane network element to request creation of a multicast group; the first control plane network element sending a second request message to a second control plane network element to request creation of the multicast group; the second control plane network element determining that a next-hop user plane network element of the second user plane network element is a first user plane network element, and then sending information about the first user plane network element to the first control plane network element, which indicates the second user plane network element to send a multicast packet received from the terminal to the first user plane network element.

Abstract: A communication method comprises that an application function network element first obtains transport information for a data stream, where the transport information includes information about an ingress port for the data stream and information about an egress port for the data stream. The application function network element then determines, based on the transport information, that the data stream is a data stream between terminal devices. The data stream is carried in two sessions. One session is a first session corresponding to the information about the ingress port, and the other session is a second session corresponding to the information about the egress port. The application function network element then can trigger a core network device to initiate policy and charging control (PCC) rule configuration processes for the first session and the second session, so that the data stream can be created.