Abstract: The disclosure relates to compositions that include a substrate having attached thereto functional molecules capable of interacting with ions, and related methods. Examples of the substrate include graphene, boron nitride and a graphene-boron nitride hybrid. The compositions can reduce (e.g., prevent) scale formation and/or dissolve scale formations in oil and gas production, transportation, storage, and processing systems, such as scales caused by calcium, barium and/or strontium ions.

Abstract: The method of making polyacrylamide (PAM) aerogel are described. Different ratios of PAM in the construction of aerogels were tested. The material was tested for water retention after drying. freeze-dried aerogel samples especially PAM 15 wt %, have a higher swelling ratio with a faster water absorption rate compared to gel and oven-dried samples.

Abstract: An immune-suppressing nanoparticle (NP) decorated with alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), an anti-inflammatory protein, circumventing the resistance of breast tumor cells to chemotherapy in addition to suppressing the tumor metastasis and invasion is disclosed. Methods of making hyaluronic acid-chitosan nanoparticles decorated with AGP (AGP-HA NPs) by sequential ionic gelation, spray drying, and AGP-surface adsorption are also disclosed. Treatment options to strengthen the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapeutic agents and potentially improve the survival rate of patients with metastatic breast cancer using the disclosed AGP-HA NPs containing agents are also disclosed.