Abstract: Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), consisting of densely packed, highly oriented polynucleotide strands attached to the surface of nanoparticles, are able to overcome the typical challenges of nucleic acid delivery. The present disclosure demonstrates that G-rich SNAs exhibit several-fold higher uptake into cells relative to SNAs rich in other nucleotides. This disclosure provides an effective strategy to maximize the intracellular delivery of SNAs, which is applicable to other nanoparticle systems, thus establishing an important design consideration for nanoparticle-based intracellular delivery of therapeutics.

Abstract: Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), consisting of densely packed, highly oriented polynucleotide strands attached to the surface of nanoparticles, are able to overcome the typical challenges of nucleic acid delivery. The present disclosure demonstrates that G-rich SNAs exhibit several-fold higher uptake into cells relative to SNAs rich in other nucleotides. This disclosure provides an effective strategy to maximize the intracellular delivery of SNAs, which is applicable to other nanoparticle systems, thus establishing an important design consideration for nanoparticle-based intracellular delivery of therapeutics.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of treating a disorder affecting the mesangial cells in a subject by administering an engineered nanoparticle (ENP) capable of delivering a therapeutic agent to the subject. Also provided are diagnostic methods for administering to a subject an ENP, analyzing a mesangial cell of the subject and determining whether the engineered nanoparticle is present in a mesangial cell of the subject.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of treating a disorder affecting the mesangial cells in a subject by administering an engineered nanoparticle (ENP) capable of delivering a therapeutic agent to the subject. Also provided are diagnostic methods for administering to a subject an ENP, analyzing a mesangial cell of the subject and determining whether the engineered nanoparticle is present in a mesangial cell of the subject.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a tracking of a tape for a 8 mm VCR or a DAT in a helical scanning tracking system in which the tape is wound around a rotating drum and transported by a capstan shaft and a pinch roller, both of which are operated at its downstrean portion, the apparatus comprising actuating means provided in the traveling path of the tape for varying a traveling condition of the tape, thereby carrying out a stable and fast tracking control for aligning a recorded track of the tape with a head of the rotating drum by changes of eccentricity in response to voltage variation.